USMLE road map : physiology

Using the Road Map Series for Successful Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1. Cell Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I. Plasma Membrane 1 II. Ion Channels 4 III. Cell Signaling 8 IV. Membrane Potential 11 V. Structure of Skeletal Muscle 13 VI. Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission 18 VII. Smooth Muscle 22 Clinical Problems 24 Answers 25 2. Cardiovascular Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 I. General Principles 27 II. Hemodynamics 27 III. Electrophysiology 32 IV. Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output 37 V. Cardiac Cycle with Pressures and ECG 42 VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure 44 VII. Control Mechanisms and Special Circulations 44 VIII. Integrative Function 48 Clinical Problems 51 Answers 53 3. Respiratory Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 I. Lung Volumes and Capacities 56 II. Muscles of Breathing 58 III. Lung Compliance 60 IV. Components of Lung Recoil 61 V. Airway Resistance 62 VI. Gas Exchange and Oxygen Transport 63 VII. Carbon Dioxide Transport 67 VIII. Respiration Control 68 IX. Pulmonary Blood Flow 70 X. Ventilation-Perfusion Differences 73 XI. Special Environments 74 Clinical Problems 75 Answers 77 4. Body Fluids, Renal, and Acid-Base Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 I. Body Fluids 79 II. Kidney Function 83 III. Renal Anatomy 84 IV. Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration 87 iii For more information about this title, click here. Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for Terms of Use. V. Transport Mechanisms of Nephron Segments 91 VI. Regulation of NaCl Excretion 95 VII. Potassium Regulation 98 VIII. Renal Handling of Glucose 98 IX. Urea Regulation 98 X. Phosphate Regulation 99 XI. Renal Calcium Regulation 99 XII. Magnesium Regulation 100 XIII. Concentrating and Diluting Mechanisms 100 XIV. Acid-Base Balance 101 XV. Diagnostic Hints for Acid-Base Disorders 104 XVI. Selected Acid-Base Disorders 106 Clinical Problems 108 Answers 110 5. Gastrointestinal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 I. Regulation: Muscle, Nerves, and Hormones of the Gut 113 II. Salivary Secretion 114 III. Swallowing 116 IV. Gastric Motor Function 117 V. Gastric Secretion 119 VI. Motility of the Small Intestine 123 VII. Exocrine Pancreas 125 VIII. Biliary Secretion 126 IX. Digestion and Absorption 128 X. Motility of the Colon and Rectum 133 Clinical Problems 134 Answers 136 6 Endocrine Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 I. General Principles 139 II. Adrenal Cortex 142 III. Adrenal Medulla 147 IV. Endocrine Pancreas 148 V. Glucagon 151 VI. Human Growth Hormone 154 VII. Hormonal Calcium Regulation 155 VIII. Thyroid Hormones 158 IX. Male Reproductive Hormones 161 X. Female Reproductive Hormones 164 Clinical Problems 170 Answers 172 7. Neurophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 I. Autonomic Nervous System 174 II. Sensory System 177 III. Motor Pathways 192 IV. Language Function of the Cerebral Cortex 201 V. The Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid 203 VI. Body Temperature Regulation 205 iv Contents N Clinical Problems 208 Answers 210 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213