Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories

SECTION I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SECT ION II Principles of Biosafe ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 SECT ION III Laborato ry Bio safe ty Le vel C riteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Tab le 1. Summary of R ecommended B iosa fety Levels for Infectious Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 SECT ION IV Vert ebra te An imal B iosa fety L evel Crite ria . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Tab le 1. Summary of R ecommended B iosa fety Levels for Activities in Which Experimentally or Naturally Infected Vertebrate Animals Are Used . 75 SECTION V Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 SECTION VI Recommended Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents and Infected Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 SECT ION V II Agent Summary State ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Section VII-A: Bac terial Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Section VII-B: Fun gal Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Section VII-C: Pa rasitic Age nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Section VII-D: Prions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Section VII-E: Rick ettsial Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Section VII-F: Viral Agents (other than arboviruses) . . . . 153 Section VII-G: Arboviruses and Related Zoonotic Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Arbo virus es A ssigned to Bio safe ty Leve l 2 . . . . . . . . 183 Table 1 . Arbovirus es and Arenav iruses A ssigned to Bios afety L evel 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 vi Table 2. Vaccine Strains of BSL-3/4 Viruses Which May Be Handled at Biosa fety Level-2 . . . 189 Arboviruses and Arenaviruses Assigned to Bios afety L evel 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Table 3. Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses Assigned to Biosafety Level 3 (on the basis of insufficient experience) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Table 4. Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses Assigned to Biosafety Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, and Filoviruses Ass igned to Bio safe ty Leve l 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Table 5. Arboviruses, Arenaviruses and Filovir uses As sign ed to Bios afety L evel 4 . . 197 APPENDIX A Primary Contain ment: B iological Sa fety Cab inets . . . . . . 200 Tab le 1. Comparis on of Biolo gica l Safe ty Cabine ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Figu re 2a . Clas s II, T ype A Biolo gica l Safe ty Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Figu re 2b . Clas s II, T ype B 1 Bio logica l Safe ty Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Figu re 2c . Clas s II, T ype B 2 Bio logica l Safe ty Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Figure 2d. Table-top Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Figure 3. Class III Biological Safety Cabinet . . . . . . 211 APPENDIX B Immunoprop hyla xis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 APPENDIX C Trans portation a nd Tran sfer of Biolo gical Age nts . . . . . . 214 Figure 1 . Packin g and La beling of Infectious Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Figure 2 . Packin g and La beling of Clinical Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 APPENDIX D Restricted Animal Pathogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 vii APPENDIX E Resources for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 APPENDIX F Laboratory Security and Emergency Response for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories . . . . . . 224 APPENDIX G Integrated Pest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 APPENDIX H Working With Human and Other Primate Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 APPENDIX I Guid elines for W ork W ith To xins of Bio logica l Orig in . . . 237 INDEX Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243