New Oxford textbook of psychiatry. / Volume 1

1.1 On being a patient Kay Redfield Jamison and Richard Jed Wyatt 1.2 Public attitudes and the problem of stigma: psychiatry and the media Anthony Clare 1.3 Psychiatry as a worldwide public health problem 1.3.1 Psychiatry and health in low-income populations Leon Eisenberg 1.3.2 Transcultural psychiatry Julian Leff 1.4 The history of psychiatry as a medical specialty Pierre Pichot 1.5 Psychiatric ethics: codes, concepts, and clinical practice skills K.W.M. Fulford and Sidney Bloch 1.6 Principles of mental health law Alexander McCall Smith 1.7 The education of psychiatrists Paul R. McHugh and Phillip R. Slavney 1.8 The psychiatrist as manager Dinesh Bhugra 1.9 Descriptive phenomenology Andrew Sims, Christoph Mundt, Peter Berner, and Arnd Barocka 1.10 Assessment 1.10.1 The principles of clinical assessment in general psychiatry John E. Cooper and Margaret Oates 1.10.2 Communication and mental health in primary care R.M. Epstein, F. Borrell, and M. Caterina 1.10.3 Psychological assessment 1.10.3.1 Cognitive assessment Graham E. Powell 1.10.3.2 Behavioural and observational assessment John N. Hall 1.11 Classification H. Dilling 1.12 From science to practice John Geddes Part 2 The scientific basis of psychiatric aetiology 2.1 Historical development 2.1.1 Historical development of ideas about psychiatric aetiology German E. Berrios 2.1.2 The brain and the mind Francisco Mora 2.2 Statistics and the design of experiments and surveys Graham Dunn 2.3 The contribution of neurosciences 2.3.1 Neuroanatomy R.C.A. Pearson 2.3.2 Neurodevelopment Karl Zilles 2.3.3 Neuroendocrinology Charles B. Nemeroff 2.3.4 Neurotransmitters and second messengers Michael E. Newman and Bernard Lerer 2.3.5 Neuropathology Peter Falkai and Bernhard Bogerts 2.3.6 Functional positron emission tomography in psychiatry P.M. Grasby 2.3.7 Structural magnetic resonance imaging J. Suckling and E.T. Bullmore 2.3.8 Functional magnetic resonance imaging E.T. Bullmore and J. Suckling 2.3.9 Neuronal networks, epilepsy, and other brain dysfunctions John G.R. Jefferys 2.3.10 Psychoneuroimmunology George Freeman Solomon 2.4 The contribution of genetics 2.4.1 Quantitative genetics Anita Thapar and Peter McGuffin 2.4.2 Molecular genetics Jonathan Flint 2.5 The contribution of psychological science 2.5.1 Developmental psychology throughout life 2.5.1.1 Developmental psychology through infancy, childhood, and adolescence William Yule 2.5.1.2 Lifespan psychology: illustrations from adulthood and old age Alexandra M. Freund and Ursula M. Staudinger 2.5.2 Memory and memory disorders Barbara A. Wilson 2.5.3 Contributions of psychology to the understanding of psychiatric disorders Marcel van den Hout, Arnoud Arntz, and Harald Merckelbach 2.6 The contribution of social sciences 2.6.1 Medical sociology and issues of aetiology George W. Brown 2.6.2 Social and cultural anthropology: salience for psychiatry Arthur Kleinman 2.7 The contribution of epidemiology to psychiatric aetiology Scott Henderson Part 3 Psychodynamic contributions to psychiatry 3.1 The historical development of dynamic psychiatry Anthony Storr 3.2 Psychoanalysis: Freud’s theories and their contemporary development Otto F. Kernberg 3.3 Other psychodynamic schools 3.3.1 Analytical psychology (Jung) Anthony Storr 3.3.2 Object relations, attachment theory, self-psychology, and interpersonal psychoanalysis Jeremy Holmes 3.4 Existential and phenomenological approach to psychiatry Otto Doerr-Zegers 3.5 Current psychodynamic approaches to psychiatry Glen O. Gabbard Part 4 Clinical syndromes of adult psychiatry 4.1 Delirium, dementia, amnesic, and other cognitive disorders 4.1.1 Introduction to cognitive disorders Demetrio Barcia 4.1.2 Delirium Richard Mayou and David Gill 4.1.3 Dementia: Alzheimer’s disease Simon Lovestone 4.1.4 Frontotemporal dementias Lars Gustafson 4.1.5 Prion disease John Collinge 4.1.6 Lewy body dementia I.G. McKeith 4.1.7 Dementia in Parkinson’s disease R.H.S. Mindham 4.1.8 Dementia due to Huntington’s disease Susan Folstein 4.1.9 Vascular dementia Timo Erkinjuntti 4.1.10 Dementia due to HIV disease Mario Maj 4.1.11 The neuropsychiatry of head injury Simon Fleminger 4.1.12 Alcohol-induced dementia (alcohol-induced cognitive impairment) Jane Marshall 4.1.13 Amnesic syndromes Michael D. Kopelman 4.1.14 The management of dementia Simon Fleminger 4.2 Substance use disorders 4.2.1 Pharmacological and psychological aspects of drugs of abuse David J. Nutt and Fergus D. Law 4.2.2 Alcohol use disorders 4.2.2.1 Aetiology of alcohol problems Juan C. Negrete 4.2.2.2 Alcohol dependence and alcohol problems Jane Marshall 4.2.2.3 Alcohol and psychiatric and physical disorders Karl F. Mann 4.2.2.4 Treatment of alcohol dependence Jonathan Chick 4.2.2.5 Services for alcohol use disorders D. Colin Drummond 4.2.2.6 Prevention of alcohol-related problems Robin Room 4.2.3 Other substance use disorders 4.2.3.1 Introduction to substance use disorders Philip Robson 4.2.3.2 Opiates: heroin, methadone, and buprenorphine Adam R. Winstock and John Strang 4.2.3.3 Disorders relating to the use of amphetamines and cocaine Nicholas Seivewright 4.2.3.4 Disorders relating to the use of phencyclidine and hallucinogens Henry David Abraham 4.2.3.5 Misuse of benzodiazepines Michael Farrell and Sarah Welch 4.2.3.6 Disorders relating to the use of ecstasy, other ‘party drugs’, and khat Adam R. Winstock 4.2.3.7 Disorders relating to the use of volatile substances Richard Ives 4.2.3.8 The mental health effects of cannabis use Wayne Hall 4.2.3.9 Patterns of use, epidemiology, adverse effects, and specific issues concerning treatment for nicotine dependence Martin Jarvis 4.2.4 Assessing need and organizing services for drug misusers John Marsden and John Strang 4.3 Schizophrenia and acute transient psychotic disorders 4.3.1 Schizophrenia: a conceptual history German E. Berrios 4.3.2 Descriptive clinical features of schizophrenia Peter F. Liddle 4.3.3 Neuropsychological features of schizophrenia 4.3.3.1 The clinical neuropsychology of schizophrenia Anthony S. David 4.3.3.2 Diagnosis, classification, and differential diagnosis of schizophrenia Anthony S. David 4.3.4 Epidemiology of schizophrenia Assen Jablensky 4.3.5 Aetiology 4.3.5.1 Genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia R.M. Murray and D.J. Castle 4.3.5.2 The neurobiology of schizophrenia Paul J. Harrison 4.3.6 Course and outcome of schizophrenia and their prediction Assen Jablensky 4.3.7 Treatment and management of schizophrenia D.G. Cunningham Owens and E.C. Johnstone 4.3.8 Schizoaffective and schizotypal disorders Ming T. Tsuang, William S. Stone, and Stephen V. Faraone 4.3.9 Acute and transient psychotic disorders J. Garrabé and F.-R. Cousin 4.4 Persistent delusional symptoms and disorders Alistair Munro 4.5 Mood disorders 4.5.1 An introduction to and historical review of mood disorders Frederick K. Goodwin and S. Nassir Ghaemi 4.5.2 Clinical features of mood disorders and mania Per Bech 4.5.3 Diagnosis, classification, and differential diagnosis of the mood disorders Gordon Parker 4.5.4 Epidemiology of mood disorders Peter R. Joyce 4.5.5 Aetiology 4.5.5.1 Genetic and social aetiology of mood disorders D. Souery, S. Blairy, and J. Mendlewicz 4.5.5.2 Neurobiological aetiology of mood disorders Guy Goodwin 4.5.6 Course and prognosis of mood disorders Jules Angst 4.5.7 Treatment of mood disorders E.S. Paykel and J. Scott 4.5.8 Dysthymia, cyclothymia, and related chronic subthreshold mood disorders Hagop S. Akiskal 4.6 Stress-related and adjustment disorders 4.6.1 Acute stress reactions Anke Ehlers and Allison G. Harvey 4.6.2 Post-traumatic stress disorder Anke Ehlers 4.6.3 Recovered memories and false memories Chris R. Brewin 4.6.4 Adjustment disorders James J. Strain, Jeffrey Newcorn, and Angela Cartagena-Rochas 4.7 Anxiety disorders 4.7.1 Generalized anxiety disorders David A. Spiegel and David H. Barlow 4.7.2 Social and specific phobias David M. Fresco, Brigette A. Erwin, Richard G. Heimberg, and Cynthia L. Turk 4.7.3 Panic disorder and agoraphobia James C. Ballenger 4.8 Obsessive–compulsive disorder Iulian Iancu, Pinhas N. Dannon, and Joseph Zohar 4.9 Depersonalization disorder K.W. de Pauw 4.10 Disorders of eating 4.10.1 Anorexia nervosa Gerald Russell 4.10.2 Bulimia nervosa Christopher G. Fairburn 4.10.3 Obesity Albert Stunkard and Thomas A. Wadden 4.11 Sexuality, gender identity, and their disorders 4.11.1 Normal sexual function R.J. Levin 4.11.2 The sexual dysfunctions Stanley E. Althof and Patricia Schreiner-Engel 4.11.3 The paraphilias Gene G. Abel and Candice A. Osborn 4.11.4 Gender identity disorder in adults Richard Green 4.12 Personality disorders 4.12.1 Introduction to personality disorders Juan López-Ibor 4.12.2 General clinical description of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger 4.12.3 Specific types of personality disorder Jose Luis Carrasco and Dusica Lecic-Tosevski 4.12.4 Diagnosis and classification of personality disorders James Reich and Giovanni de Girolamo 4.12.5 Epidemiology of personality disorders Giovanni de Girolamo and Patrizia Dotto 4.12.6 Aetiopathogenesis of personality disorders (from genes to biodevelopmental processes) Adolf Tobeña 4.12.7 Management of personality disorder Peter Tyrer and Kate Davidson 4.13 Habit and impulse control disorders 4.13.1 Impulse control disorders Susan L. McElroy, Lesley M. Arnold, and DeAnna A. Beckman 4.13.2 Trichotillomania Gary Christenson 4.13.3 Special psychiatric problems relating to gambling Emanuel Moran 4.14 Sleep–wake disorders 4.14.1 Introduction to sleep–wake disorders Gregory Stores 4.14.2 Insomnias Colin A. Espie 4.14.3 Excessive sleepiness Michel Billiard 4.14.4 Parasomnias Carlos H. Schenck and Mark W. Mahowald 4.14.5 Psychiatric sleep–wake disorders Ruth M. Benca 4.14.6 Medical sleep–wake disorders Sudhansu Chokroverty 4.15 Suicide 4.15.1 Epidemiology and causes of suicide Jouko K. Lonnqvist 4.15.2 Attempted suicide and deliberate self-harm: epidemiology and risk factors A.J.F.M. Kerkhof and E. Arensman 4.15.3 Biological aspects of suicidal behaviour Lawrence Amsel and J. John Mann 4.15.4 Treatment of suicide attempters and prevention of suicide and attempted suicide Keith Hawton 4.16 Culturally related syndromes Wolfgang G. Jilek Volume 2 Part 5 Psychiatry and medicine 5.1 Historical and conceptual issues in psychiatry and medicine Rodolfo Fahrer 5.2 Somatoform disorders and other causes of medically unexplained symptoms 5.2.1 Somatoform disorders and medically unexplained symptoms Richard Mayou 5.2.2 Epidemiology of somatoform disorders and other causes of unexplained medical symptoms Gregory Simon 5.2.3 Somatization disorder and related disorders Per Fink 5.2.4 Conversion and dissociation Harold Merskey 5.2.5 Hypochondriasis Russell Noyes Jr 5.2.6 Pain disorder Sidney Benjamin 5.2.7 Chronic fatigue syndrome Michael Sharpe and Simon Wessely 5.2.8 Body dysmorphic disorder Katharine A. Phillips 5.2.9 Factitious disorder and malingering Christopher Bass and David Gill 5.2.10 Neurasthenia Felice Lieh Mak 5.3 Medical and surgical conditions and treatments associated with psychiatric disorder 5.3.1 Adjustments to illness, handicap, and bereavement Alex Mitchell and Allan House 5.3.2 Psychiatric aspects of neurological disease Maria A. Ron 5.3.3 Epilepsy Brian Toone 5.3.4 Medical conditions associated with psychiatric disorder James R. Rundell and Michael G. Wise 5.3.5 Psychiatric aspects of infections J.L. Ayuso-Mateos 5.3.6 Psychiatric aspects of surgery (including transplantation) Gary Rodin and Susan Abbey 5.3.7 Psychiatric aspects of cancer Marjaneh Rouhani and Jimmie C. Holland 5.3.8 Psychiatric aspects of accidents, burns, and other trauma Ulrik Fredrik Malt 5.4 Obstetric and gynaecological conditions associated with psychiatric disorder Ian Brockington 5.5 Health screening programmes Katharine Rimes and Paul Salkovskis 5.6 Treatment of psychiatric disorders in medically ill patients including the management of emergencies Thomas Herzog, Barbara Stein, and Lutz Frölich 5.7 Health psychology John Weinmann and Keith J. Petrie 5.8 The organization of psychiatric services for general hospital departments Frits J. Huyse Part 6 Treatment methods in psychiatry Introduction The Editors 6.1 The integration of treatment 6.1.1 The evaluation of physical treatment 6.1.1.1 Clinical trials and the regulation of drugs Paul Leber 6.1.1.2 Analysis of groups of trials Clive Adams 6.1.2 The evaluation of psychological treatment Paul Crits-Christoph and Madeline Gladis 6.1.3 Placebo effects and other non-specific factors Frederic M. Quitkin 6.2 Somatic treatments 6.2.1 General principles of drug therapy J.K. Aronson 6.2.2 Anxiolytics and hypnotics Malcolm Lader 6.2.3 Antidepressants George R. Heninger 6.2.4 Non-anticonvulsant stabilizers: lithium and L-type calcium-channel blockers Robert M. Post 6.2.5 Antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs Herbert Y. Meltzer 6.2.6 Antiepileptic drugs Christopher M. Palmer and Harrison G. Pope Jr 6.2.7 Drugs for cognitive disorders Leslie Iversen 6.2.8 Drugs used in the treatment of the addictions Fergus D. Law and David J. Nutt 6.2.9 Other somatic treatments 6.2.9.1 Convulsive therapy in the twenty-first century Max Fink 6.2.9.2 Phototherapy P.J. Cowen 6.2.9.3 Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders Andrea L. Malizia 6.3 Psychological treatments 6.3.1 Counselling Mike Hobbs and Diana Sanders 6.3.2 Cognitive–behaviour therapy 6.3.2.1 Cognitive–behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders David M. Clark 6.3.2.2 Cognitive–behaviour therapy for eating disorders Christopher G. Fairburn 6.3.2.3 Cognitive–behaviour therapy for depressive disorders Melanie J.V. Fennell 6.3.2.4 Cognitive–behaviour therapy for schizophrenia Max Birchwood and Elizabeth Spencer 6.3.3 Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression and other disorders John C. Markowitz and Myrna M. Weissman 6.3.4 Brief individual psychodynamic psychotherapy Robert J. Ursano and Amy M. Ursano 6.3.5 Psychoanalysis and other long-term dynamic psychotherapies Peter Fonagy 6.3.6 Group methods in adult psychiatry Malcolm Pines and John Schlapobersky 6.3.7 Psychotherapy with couples Michael Crowe 6.3.8 Family therapy Sidney Bloch and Edwin Harari 6.3.9 Therapeutic communities David Kennard 6.4 Treatment by other professions 6.4.1 Rehabilitation techniques W.Rössler 6.4.2 Psychiatric nursing techniques Kevin Gournay 6.4.3 Social work approaches to mental health work: British and North American trends Shulamit Ramon 6.5 Traditional non-Western folk healing as relevant to psychiatry Wolfgang G. Jilek Part 7 Social psychiatry and service provision 7.1 Public policy and environmental issues Rachel Jenkins 7.2 Service needs of individuals and populations William R. Breakey 7.3 Cultural differences in pathways to care, service use, and outcome Jim van Os and Kwame McKenzie 7.4 Primary prevention of mental disorders J.M. Bertolote 7.5 Planning and providing mental health services for a community Graham Thornicroft and Michele Tansella 7.6 Evaluation of psychiatric services Michele Tansella and Graham Thornicroft 7.7 Economic analysis of psychiatric services Martin Knapp and Daniel Chisholm 7.8 Psychiatry in primary care David Goldberg, Anthony Mann, and André Tylee 7.9 The role of advocacy, self-help and carer groups, and voluntary organizations Laurie M. Flynn 7.10 Special problems 7.10.1 The special psychiatric problems of refugees Richard F. Mollica 7.10.2 Mental health services for homeless mentally ill people Tom K.J. Craig 7.10.3 Mental health services for ethnic minorities Rosemarie Mallett and Tom K.J. Craig Part 8 The psychiatry of old age 8.1 The biology of ageing Alan H. Bittles 8.2 The sociology of normal ageing G. Clare Wenger 8.3 The ageing population and the epidemiology of mental disorders among the elderly A.F. Jorm 8.4 Assessment of mental disorder in older patients and of the treatment needs of patients and their carers Robin Jacoby 8.5 Special features of clinical syndromes in the elderly 8.5.1 Delirium in the elderly James Lindesay 8.5.2 Substance use disorders in elderly people Roland Atkinson 8.5.3 Schizophrenia and paranoid disorders of late life Robert Howard 8.5.4 Mood disorders in the elderly Robert Baldwin 8.5.5 Stress-related, anxiety, and obsessional disorders in elderly people James Lindesay 8.5.6 Personality disorders in the elderly Suzanne Holroyd 8.5.7 Suicide and deliberate self-harm in elderly people Robin Jacoby 8.5.8 Sex in old age John Kellett 8.6 Special features of psychiatric treatment for the elderly Catherine Oppenheimer 8.7 The organization and provision of services for the elderly Deirdre Johnston and Burton V. Reifler Part 9 Child and adolescent psychiatry 9.1 General issues 9.1.1 Developmental psychopathology and classification in childhood and adolescence Stephen Scott 9.1.2 The influence of family, school, and the environment Barbara Maughan 9.1.3 Epidemiology of psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence David R. Offord 9.1.4 Assessment in child and adolescent psychiatry Adrian Angold 9.1.5 Prevention of mental disorder in childhood and other public health issues Peter Hill 9.2 Clinical syndromes 9.2.1 Specific developmental disorders in childhood and adolescence Helmut Remschmidt 9.2.2 Autism and the pervasive developmental disorders Fred R. Volkmar and Ami Klin 9.2.3 Attention-deficit and hyperkinetic disorders in childhood and adolescence Russell Schachar and Abel Ickowicz 9.2.4 Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence Stephen Scott 9.2.5 Emotional disorders with their onset in childhood Ian Goodyer 9.2.6 Obsessive–compulsive disorder and tics in children and adolescents Martine F. Flament and Nadia Chabane 9.2.7 Neuropsychiatric disorders James C. Harris 9.2.8 Disorders of sleeping, eating, and elimination in early childhood Jo Douglas 9.2.9 Sleep disorders in children and adolescents Gregory Stores 9.2.10 Suicide and attempted suicide in children and adolescents David Shaffer, Cynthia R. Pfeffer, and Jennifer Gutstein 9.2.11 Speech and language disorders of childhood and psychological mutism Israel Kolvin 9.2.12 Gender identity disorder in children and adolescents Richard Green 9.3 Situations affecting child mental health 9.3.1 Child abuse and neglect David P.H. Jones 9.3.2 The relationship between physical and mental health in children and adolescents Julia Gledhill and M. Elena Garralda 9.3.3 The effects on child mental health of adoption and foster care June Thoburn 9.3.4 Effects of parental psychiatric and physical illness on child development Jacqueline Barnes and Alan Stein 9.3.5 The effects of bereavement in childhood Dora Black 9.4 Forensic issues 9.4.1 Juvenile delinquency and serious antisocial behaviour Susan Bailey 9.4.2 The child as witness Anne E. Thompson and John B. Pearce 9.5 Treatment methods for children and adolescents 9.5.1 Counselling and psychotherapy for children John B. Pearce 9.5.2 Child psychoanalysis Peter Fonagy and Mary Target 9.5.3 Cognitive–behaviour therapies for children and adolescents Richard Harrington 9.5.4 Interventions for parents and families: a developmental psychopathology perspective Philip A. Fisher and Elizabeth A. Stormshak 9.5.5 Medication for children and adolescents Christopher Gillberg 9.5.6 Residential care for social reasons Ian Sinclair and Ian Gibbs 9.5.7 Organization of services for children and adolescents Anula Nikapota 9.5.8 The treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies Ernest S.L. Luk 9.5.9 The child psychiatrist as consultant to schools and colleges Derek Steinberg Part 10 Mental retardation (learning disability) Introduction: an age of enlightenment W. Fraser 10.1 Classification, diagnosis, psychiatric assessment, and needs assessment A.J. Holland 10.2 Epidemiology of mental retardation Tom Fryers 10.3 Aetiology of mental retardation: general issues and prevention Markus Kaski 10.4 Specific conditions leading to mental retardation Shoumitro Deb and Zahir Ahmed 10.5 Psychiatric and behaviour disorders among mentally retarded people 10.5.1 Psychiatric and behaviour disorders among mentally retarded children and adolescents Bruce J. Tonge 10.5.2 Psychiatric and behaviour disorders among mentally retarded adults A Došen 10.5.3 Epilepsy and epilepsy-related behaviour disorders among people with mental retardation Matti Iivanaien 10.6 Methods of treatment T.P. Berney 10.7 Special needs of adolescents and elderly people with mental retardation Jane Hubert and Sheila Hollins 10.8 Families with a mentally retarded member and their needs Ann Gath 10.9 The planning and provision of psychiatric services for people with mental retardation Nick Bouras and Geraldine Holt Part 11 Forensic psychiatry Introduction Robert Bluglass 11.1 General principles of law relating to people with mental disorder Michael Gunn and Kay Wheat 11.2 Psychosocial causes of offending David P. Farrington 11.3 Associations between psychiatric disorder and offending Derek Chiswick 11.4 Special problems 11.4.1 The special problem of arson (fire-raising) Herschel Prins 11.4.2 Assessment and management of sexual offenders Robert Hale, Carine Minn, and Anne Zachary 11.4.3 Dangerousness, risk, and the prediction of probability Paul E. Mullen 11.4.4 Forensic aspects of alcohol and drug disorders Andrew Johns 11.5 The impact of criminal victimization Gillian C. Mezey and Ian Robbins 11.6 The psychiatrist in court Adrian Grounds 11.7 Legal use of psychiatry and law as an instrument of psychiatric practice Nigel Eastman 11.8 Treatment and care in forensic mental health Paul E. Mullen and Per Lindqvist 11.9 Organization of services