Noxious New York : the racial politics of urban health and environmental justice

Activism. See Environmental justice activism African Americans activism by, 52–53 disproportionate environmental effects on, 12, 14, 38–40, 99, 101, 130, 146, 150, 155, 181, 213n3 and garbage, 50, 52 globalization, 8 as health activists in Progressive era, 29, 39–40 life expectancy of, 39 migration of, 38 neighborhood concentrations of, 64, 70 politicians, 82, 165 in slavery, 38–39 as targets of riots, 35 and zoning, 44 Air pollution. See also Asthma; racialized, 24, 38–39, 89 of science, 37, 40, 181 Disease causation, 30, 32, 36–37, 47, 205. See also Asthma; Miasma theory; Health; Public health Diverse Individuals Fighting for Environmental and Reproductive Rights Now ’Til Tomorrow. See DIFFERENTT DuBois, W. E. B., 38 Earth Crew, 185–187 Environmental Enforcers, 87, 173. See also United Puerto Rican Organization (UPROSE) Environmental epidemiology, 22, 93. See also Popular epidemiology Environmental justice activism. See also Asthma; Bronx-Lebanon medical waste incinerator; Brooklyn Navy Yard incinerator; Jao, James, 88 Jews, 3, 75, 80 Jones, Addie, 106 Jorling, Thomas, 77 Kanjorski, Paul, 125 Kennedy Krieger Institute, 183 Keyes, Katherine, 106–107 Knipel, Lawrence, 165 Knowledge. See also Communitybased environmental justice research; Science construction of, 18 bureaucratic and technocratic, 6–7, 32, 36, 41, 72, 169, 175, 209 everyday, 22, 72 experiential, 24 local, 180, 188 national, 19 politics of, 24 scientific, 22, 24, 36, 37, 41, 51, 72 Koch, Ed, 56, 60, 77, 80 Koch, Robert, 33 Kooperkamp, Earl, 65 Kyoto Protocol, 146, 231n4 Labor exploitation, 27, 111, 138, 152–153 Landfills. See also Fresh Kills; Garbage export to out-of-state and rural, 80, 118, 123, 125, 132 and incinerators, 60 locations of, 59 Land use. See also Lawsuits; Siting; Zoning and environmental justice, 21, 89, 113 and garbage, 52 transnational pressures on, 10 Language. See Discourse; Rhetoric Latinos coalition with Asians, 20, 85, 88 disproportionate environmental effects on, 12, 13, 99, 155 in East Harlem, 21 resistance to noxious facilities, 74, 88 in Sunset Park, 85, 88 in Williamsburg, 80 Lawsuits importance of, 89, 169 over air quality, 71, 84 over incinerators, 71 over community critiques of, 109–111 expansion of, 11 increase in, 3, 21, 139 ownership of, 124, 133, 227n31 siting of, 113–115, 125, 131, 136 Wastewater, 60 Waterfront. See also Organization of Waterfront Neighborhoods (OWN) communities near, 12, 85, 173 industrial decline of, 21, 86, 119, 128 mixed use nature of, 3, 46 waste transfer stations on, 113, 119 Water quality, as Progressive concern, 31, 33 Water treatment, by city-owned facilities, 33 We Stay/Nos Quedamos, 164, 198 West Harlem. See also North River sewage treatment plant; West Harlem Environmental Action and air quality, 81 community demographics, 2, 81 concentration of polluting facilities in, 28, 134 lack of open space in, 83 waterfront development in, 200–202 and zoning, 45, 46 West Harlem Environmental Action (WE ACT). See also Communitybased environmental justice research campaign against uptown pollution, 99–101, 105–107 as community based, 23 goals of, 83–84, 185, 190 partnerships of, 107 West Harlem Working Committee, 201 Whites and air pollution, 101 as elites, 144 and fear of black disease, 39 flight of, 151 and Fresh Kills, 112 and North River sewage treatment plant, 82 and siting issues, 144, 170 in South Bronx, 70 Williamsburg. See also Brooklyn Navy Yard; Community-based environmental justice research; El Puente concentration of polluting facilities in, 28, 76, 113–114, 131–132 demographics of, 2, 75 Hasidic Jews in, 3, 75 poverty in, 170 Puerto Ricans in, 3, 75 research on, 22 and zoning, 45, 46 Women as researchers, 185 as workers, 13 Wong, Reverend, 87 Working-class communities. See also Empowerment; Inequity and economic boom, 166 and globalization, 141 and NIMBY politics, 116 and zoning, 28, 43, 45, 46 World cities. See Global cities World Trad