The biogenesis of cellular organelles

Preface ................................................................................................. vii 1. Theory of Organelle Biogenesis: A Historical Perspective ...................... 1 Barbara M. Mullock and J. Paul Luzio Definitions ............................................................................................ 1 The History of Organelle Recognition .................................................. 2 Protein Synthesis and Targeting ............................................................ 4 Organization into Complex Structures ................................................ 10 Organelle Inheritance .......................................................................... 11 Challenges ........................................................................................... 13 2. Protein Coats As Mediators of Intracellular Sorting and Organelle Biogenesis ..................................................................... 19 Chris Mullins Clathrin: A Scaffold for Protein Coats ................................................. 22 Adaptor Protein Complexes: Adaptors for Coats of the Late-Secretory and Endocytic Pathways ................................. 25 COP Complexes: Protein Coats of the Early Secretory Pathway .......... 29 Adaptor-Related Proteins Define Novel Coats of the Secretory and Endocytic Pathways .................................................................. 32 3. The Role of Proteins and Lipids in Organelle Biogenesis in the Secretory Pathway ...................................................................... 45 Thomas F. J. Martin Protein Sorting Confers a Transient Nature to Secretory Pathway Organelles ...................................................... 46 The Molecular Machinery Regulating Compartment Identity ............. 46 General Mechanisms Employed for Cargo Exit and Entry: Fission and Fusion ........................................................................... 50 Exit Mechanisms in Trafficking........................................................... 52 Entry Mechanisms in Trafficking: Tethering, Priming and Fusion ...... 55 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Biogenesis: Proliferation and Differentiation .......................................................... 63 Erik Snapp ER Functions ...................................................................................... 65 Building Blocks of the ER ................................................................... 69 ER Biogenesis ...................................................................................... 73 ER Network Formation....................................................................... 74 ER Subdomains ................................................................................... 80 ER Differentiation ............................................................................... 81 Putting It All Together ........................................................................ 84 Appendices .......................................................................................... 85 5. The Golgi Apparatus: Structure, Function and Cellular Dynamics ...... 96 Nihal Altan-Bonnet and Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz Golgi Structure and Distribution ......................................................... 96 Golgi Function and Compartmentalization ......................................... 99 Transport within the Golgi Complex ................................................ 101 Golgi Dynamics: Interphase .............................................................. 102 Golgi Dynamics: Mitosis ................................................................... 104 Golgi As a Scaffold for Signaling Molecules ....................................... 104 6. Lysosome Biogenesis and Dynamics ................................................... 111 Diane McVey Ward, Shelly L. Shiflett and Jerry Kaplan Models for Lysosome Biogenesis ........................................................ 112 Synthesis and Delivery of Lysosomal Hydrolases ............................... 113 Synthesis and Trafficking of Lysosomal Membrane Proteins ............. 114 Lysosomes and Endosomes Undergo Fusion and Fission ................... 115 Lysosomes Are Capable of Fusion with the Plasma Membrane .......... 117 Movement of Lysosomes ................................................................... 118 7. Nucleogenesis ..................................................................................... 127 Sui Huang The Nuclear Envelope in Mitosis ...................................................... 128 Post-Mitotic Biogenesis of the Nucleolus .......................................... 132 8. Mitochondrial Biogenesis ................................................................... 138 Danielle Leuenberger, Sean P. Curran and Carla M. Koehler Mitochondrial Dynamics .................................................................. 139 Mitochondrial Protein Import ........................................................... 142 Mitochondrial Protein Export ........................................................... 150 The Protein Surveillance System of the Mitochondrion ..................... 150 Metal Ion Transport .......................................................................... 152 9. The Biogenesis and Cell Biology of Peroxisomes in Human Health and Disease ........................................................... 164 Stanley R. Terlecky and Paul A. Walton Biogenesis of Peroxisomal Membranes .............................................. 166 Early Acting Peroxins ........................................................................ 168 The “Preperoxisome”: A Precursor Organelle to the Peroxisome? ...... 169 Molecular Mechanisms of Peroxisomal Protein Import ..................... 170 Index .................................................................................................. 177