Closure and Johnston Atoll chemical agent disposal system

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1 INTRODUCTION 6 Background, 6 Chemical Agent Stockpiles Elsewhere, 6 Johnston Island Chemical Agent Stockpile, 8 Role of the National Research Council, 8 Composition of the Stockpile Committee, 8 Purpose of the Report, 8 Statement of Task, 9 Organization of the Report, 9 2 INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FACILITY CLOSURE 10 Ownership, 10 Determination of End Use, 11 End-State Cleanup Criteria, 11 Retention of Personnel, 12 Exit Strategy, 12 3 PLANNING THE CLOSURE OPERATION 13 Closure Objectives, 13 Closure Alternatives, 14 Risk Assessment, 14 Acquisition Strategy, 14 Background, 14 Closure Acquisition, 14 Closure Materiel Procurement, 15 Chemical Demilitarization Procurement Process, 16 Categories of Contamination, 16 Permitting Considerations, 16 Preparation of Detailed Engineering Requirements, 18 Sampling and Analysis Plans, 18 JACADS Operational and Storage Areas, 19 Decontamination, 20 Decontamination Technologies, 20 Adjacent Sources of Contamination, 20 Concrete, 20 xii CONTENTS Schedule and Cost Estimates, 21 Development and Implementation of a Safety Program, 22 Security and Surety Requirements, 22 General Security, 22 Physical Security of Storage Areas and the Processing Facility, 22 Chemical Surety Program, 22 Surety and Security After Completion of Agent Operations, 23 4 EXECUTING THE CLOSURE PLAN 24 Decontamination of Systems, Structures, and Components, 24 Removal of Systems, Structures, and Components, 24 Risks During Dismantlement, 24 Closure Safety and Health Risks, 25 Contaminated Material and Equipment, 26 Safety Program, 26 Monitoring of Areas, Workers, and Materials, 27 Multiagent Monitoring of Areas and Workers, 27 Waste Management, 28 The Problem, 28 The Process, 29 Waste Minimization, 29 Public Communications and Involvement, 29 Background, 29 Public Information and Outreach for JACADS, 30 Stakeholder Issues, 30 Planning for Transition to Closure, 31 5 FACILITY CLOSEOUT ACTIVITIES 32 Sampling Methods, Sample Analysis, and Area Survey Methodology, 32 Area Sampling and Survey Documentation, 33 Final Closure Survey Report and Closure Certification, 33 Postclosure Monitoring Requirements, 33 6 LESSONS LEARNED 34 General Considerations, 34 Preplanning Process, 34 Specific Closure Lessons Learned from the JACADS Experience, 35 7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 36 Decision Making and Project Planning, 36 Personnel Retention, 37 Acquisition Strategy and Procurement, 37 Cost Control, 37 Monitoring, 37 Security, 38 Safety, 38 Public Affairs and Public Involvement, 39 REFERENCES 40 CONTENTS xiii APPENDIXES A Reports by the Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (Stockpile Committee), 45 B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members, 47 C Closure Planning and Implementation, 51 D JACADS Sampling and Analysis Plan Maps and Photographs, 53 E Examples of Information Required for Two Types of Final Closure Survey Reports, 61