Dementia,3rd ed

PART 1 Dementia: general aspects 1 Introduction 1 Dementia: historical overview 3 German Berrios 2 Epidemiology 16 Daniel W O’Connor Diagnosis and assessment 3 Criteria for the diagnosis of dementia 24 Clive Ballard and Carol Bannister 4 Assessment of dementia 38 Rebecca Eastley and Gordon K Wilcock 5 Neuropsychological assessment of dementia 45 Andrew D Blackwell, Barnaby D Dunn, Adrian M Owen and Barbara J Sahakian 6 Neuropsychiatric aspects of dementia 55 Iracema Leroi and Constantine G Lyketsos 7 Rating scales in dementia 65 7a Screening instruments for the detection of cognitive impairment 66 Leon Flicker 7b Measurement of behavioural disturbance, non-cognitive symptoms and quality of life 72 Ajit Shah, Stephen Foli and Ian O Nnatu Investigations 8 Structural brain imaging 81 Robert Barber and John O’Brien 9 Functional imaging 94 Klaus P Ebmeier, Jane K Sutherland and Nadine J Dougall 10 The neurophysiology of dementia 104 Michael PhilpotManagement 11 Caring for people with dementia 117 11a Family carers for people with dementia 118 Henry Brodaty, Alisa Green and Lee-Fay Low 11b One caregiver’s view 132 Emerson Moran 12 Health economic aspects of dementia 136 Anders Wimo, Göran Karlsson and Bengt Winblad 13 Cross-cultural issues in the assessment of cognitive impairment 147 Ajit Shah, James Lindesay and Ian O Nnatu 14 Helping staff and patients with dementia through better design 165 Mary Marshall 15 The role of primary care in the management of dementia 170 Bill Pettit 16 Multidisciplinary approaches in the management of dementia 179 16a The role of nursing 180 Peggy A Szwabo 16b Social work and care management 186 David Challis, Jane Hughes and Caroline Sutcliffe 16c Occupational therapy 191 Michael Loh 16d Speech and language therapy 195 Bronwyn Moorhouse 16e Physiotherapy 203 Irene Smith Lassen 17 Sexuality and dementia 208 James P Warner 18 Quality of life in dementia: conceptual and practical issues 215 Betty S Black and Peter V Rabins 19 Moral, ethical and legal aspects of dementia 229 19a Ethical issues 230 Stephen J Louw and Julian C Hughes 19b Legal issues 235 Bernard M Dickens 19c End-of-life decisions 239 Julian C Hughes and Stephen J Louw 19d Driving 244 Desmond O’Neill 20 Services to people with dementia: a worldwide view 253 20a Africa 254 Olusegun Baiyewu and Adesola O Ogunniyi 20b Australia 256 Dina LoGiudice, Eleanor Flynn and David Ames 20c China 261 Yu Xin 20d The Former Soviet Union 265 Robin Jacoby 20e France 267 Bruno Vellas, B Bos, Benoit Lavallart and L Gregoire 20f Germany 269 Siegfried Weyerer and Martina Schäufele 20g Hong Kong 272 Helen Chiu 20h India 274 Kalyanasundaram S and Mathew Varghese vi Contents20i Italy 276 Angelo Bianchetti and Marco Trabucchi 20j Japan 281 Masahiro Shigeta and Akira Homma 20k Mexico 283 David Resnikoff and Alonso Riestra 20l Netherlands 288 Thea J Heeren 20m New Zealand 290 Pamela S Melding 20n Nordic countries 294 Kirsten Abelskov 20o Romania 296 Nicoleta Ta˘taru 20p Latin America and the Caribbean 299 João Carlos Barbosa Machado 20q Spain 303 Raimundo Mateos, Manuel Martín-Carrasco and Manuel Sánchez-Pérez 20r Britain 306 Martin Brown, Colin Godber and David G Wilkinson 20s North America 311 Robin J Casten and Barry W Rovner 21 Services for younger people with dementia 316 Robert C Baldwin and Michelle Murray 22 Alzheimer (disease and related disorders) Associations and Societies: supporting family carers 323 Henry Brodaty, Alisa Green, Nori Graham and Lee-Fay Low PART 2 Mild cognitive impairment 331 23 A historical perspective 333 Karen Ritchie and Sylvaine Artero 24 Clinical characterization 338 Selam Negash, Yonas Endale Geda and Ronald C Petersen 25 Treatment 347 Roger Bullock PART 3 Alzheimer’s disease 357 Clinical aspects 26 What is Alzheimer’s disease? 359 Hans Förstl 27 Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease 369 Anthony F Jorm 28 The natural history of Alzheimer’s disease 376 Jody Corey-Bloom and Adam S Fleisher Neurobiology 29 Neurochemistry of Alzheimer’s disease 387 Nicholas A Clarke and Paul T Francis 30 Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease 393 Colin L Masters 31 Role of tau protein in neurodegenerative dementias 408 Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska 32 Role of A amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease 426 Craig W Ritchie, Catriona McLean, Konrad Beyreuther and Colin L Masters33 Vascular factors in Alzheimer’s disease 436 Robert Stewart 34 Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease 444 Margie Smith 35 Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease 452 Simon P Brooks and Stephen B Dunnett Therapeutic strategies 36 How effective are cholinergic therapies in improving cognition in Alzheimer’s disease? 465 David G Wilkinson 37 Non-cholinergic therapies of dementia 474 Lon S Schneider 38 Treatments for behavioural and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias 482 Louis Profenno, Pierre Tariot, Rebekah Loy and Saleem Ismail 39 A predominantly psychosocial approach to behaviour problems in dementia: treating causality 499 Michael Bird 40 Psychological approaches for the management of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease 510 Anne Unkenstein 41 Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease 515 Nitin B Purandare, Clive Ballard and Alistair Burns 42 Trial design 522 Serge Gauthier PART 4 Cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment 527 43 Vascular cognitive impairment 529 Timo Erkinjuntti 44 Leukoaraiosis and cognitive impairment 546 Leonardo Pantoni and Domenico Inzitari 45 Vascular dementia: neuropathological features 565 Raj N Kalaria 46 Therapeutic strategies for vascular dementia 574 Gustavo Román PART 5 Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease 601 47 Dementia with Lewy bodies: a clinical overview 603 Ian G McKeith 48 Pathology of dementia with Lewy bodies 615 Paul G Ince and Elaine K Perry 49 Neuropsychological changes in dementia with Lewy bodies 634 David P Salmon and Joanne M Hamilton 50 The treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies 648 E Jane Byrne 51 Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson’s disease 657 Dag Aarsland and Carmen Janvin PART 6 Focal dementias 665 52 Frontotemporal dementia 667 David Neary 53 Pick’s disease: its relationship to progressive aphasia, semantic dementia and frontotemporal dementia 678 Andrew Graham and John Hodges 54 The genetics and molecular pathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration 689 David M A Mann 55 Semantic dementia 702 Julie S Snowden56 The cerebellum and cognitive impairment 713 Elsdon Storey 57 Progressive aphasia and other focal syndromes 720 Jason D Warren, Richard J Harvey and Martin N Rossor PART 7 Dementia and neuropsychiatric disorders 729 58 Depression with cognitive impairment 731 Bindu Shanmugham and George Alexopoulos 59 Alcohol-related dementia and the clinical spectrum of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome 738 Stephen C Bowden and Alison J Ritter 60 Dementia and intellectual disability 745 Jennifer Torr 61 Schizophrenia, cognitive impairment and dementia 750 Osvaldo P Almeida and Robert Howard 62 Huntington’s disease 754 Phyllis Chua and Edmond Chiu 63 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other prion diseases 763 John Collinge 64 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated dementia: pathology, clinical features and treatment 777 Apsara Kandanearatchi and Ian Paul Everall 65 Uncommon forms of dementia 795 Anoop Varma