Evidence-Based Otolaryngology

Section I Introduction Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine, Levels of Evidence, and Systematic Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick 2 How to Use This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Jennifer f. Shin and Gregory W Randolph 3 English Translations of Statistical Terms, Study Designs, and Methods of Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Jennifer f. Shin, Christopher J. Hartnick, and Sandra S. Stinnett Section II Systematic Reviews in Pediatric Otolaryngology 4 Pediatric Tonsillectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 , 4.A. Tonsillectomy versus no surgery: Impact on number of recurrent throat infections or sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher f. Hartnick , 4.B. Postoperative systemic antibiotics: Impact on postoperative pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick , 4.C.1. Single-dose systemic dexamethasone: Impact on postoperative emesis and oral intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher f. Hartnick , 4.C.2. Single-dose systemic dexamethasone: Impact on postoperative pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher [. Hartnick , 4.D.l. Preoperative coagulation screening tests versus no laboratory testing: Impact on rate of intraoperative/postoperative bleed. . . . . . . . 56 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick , 4.D.2. Preoperative coagulation screening tests: Predictive value for intraoperative/postoperative bleeding and for identification of occult bleeding disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher f. Hartnick 5 Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 , 5.A. Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy: Impact on polysomnogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Mark Boseley and Christopher f. Hartnick , 5.B. Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy: Impact on quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mark Boseley and Christopher f. Hartnick xiu Contents xiv 6 Pediatric Recurrent Acute Otitis Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 , 6.A. Amoxicillin or ampicillin prophylaxis versus placebo: Impact on number of subsequent episodes of acute otitis media, chance of no further episodes of acute otitis media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Jennifer J. Shin, Sandra S. Stinnett, and Christopher J. Hartnick , 6.B. Sulfisoxazole prophylaxis versus placebo: Impact on number of subsequent episodes of acute otitis media, chance of no further episodes of acute otitis media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Jennifer J. Shin, Sandra S. Stinnett, and Christopher J. Hartnick , 6.C. Amoxicillin versus trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis: Impact on number of subsequent episodes of acute otitis media, chance of no further episodes of acute otitis media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick , 6.D. Tympanostomy tube placement versus no surgery/no prophylaxis: Impact on subsequent number of episodes of acute otitis media, chance of no further episodes of acute otitis media. . . . . 91 Jennifer J. Shin, Sandra S. Stinnett, and Christopher J. Hartnick , 6.E. Tympanostomy tube insertion versus antibiotic prophylaxis: Impact on subsequent number of episodes of acute otitis media, chance of no further episodes of acute otitis media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick , 6.F. Adenoidectomy versus no adenoidectomy: Impact on rate of acute otitis media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick , 6.G. Adenotonsillectomy versus adenoidectomy alone or no adenotonsillar surgery: Impact on rate of acute otitis media. . . . . . . . 110 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick 7 Pediatric Otitis Media with Effusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 , 7.A.i. Amoxicillin versus placebo: Chance of becoming effusion-free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Jennifer J. Shin and Michael J. Cunningham , 7.A.ii. AIiloxicillin/clavulanate versus placebo: Chance of becoming effusion-free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Jennifer J. Shin and Michael J. Cunningham , 7.A.iii. Cephalosporin versus placebo: Chance of becoming effusion-free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Jennifer J. Shin and Michael J. Cunningham , 7.A.iv. Erythromycin versus placebo: Chance of becoming effusion-free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Jennifer J. Shin and Michael J. Cunningham , 7.A.v. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus control: Chance of becoming effusion-free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Jennifer J. Shin and Michael J. Cunningham , 7.B. Tympanostomy tube placement: Impact on quality of life. . . . . . . 145 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick , 7.C. Adenoidectomy versus no surgery: Impact on resolution, improvement, and audiometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Grace Chan, Jennifer J. Shin, and Margaret Kenna Contents xv 7.D. Adenoidectomy versus tube placement: Impact on resolution, improvement, and audiometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Grace Chan, Jennifer]. Shin, and Margaret Kenna 7.E. Adenoidectomy with tube placement versus tubes alone: Impact on resolution, improvement, and audiometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Grace Chan, Jennifer]. Shin, and Margaret Kenna 8 Pediatric Sinusitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 8.A. Antibiotics/conservative treatment versus control for pediatric nonacute sinusitis: Impact on post-treatment clinical examination and imaging results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 ManaliAmin and Mark Yolk 8.B.Adenoidectomy for pediatric chronic sinusitis refractory to antibiotic therapy: Impact on patient-reported symptoms and clinical evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 ManaliAmin and Mark Yolk 8.C. Endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic/recurrent pediatric sinusitis: Chance for subjective and objective improvement. . . . . . . . . 184 ManaliAmin and Mark Yolk 9 Pediatric Cochlear Implantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 , 9.A. Cochlear implantation in children with or without a history of frequent otitis media: Chance of post-implant acute otitis media and complications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Jennifer]. Shin and Margaret Kenna , 9.B. Implantation of children with cochleovestibular anomalies versus normal anatomy: Impact on postoperative speech perception and complications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Jennifer]. Shin and Margaret Kenna 10 Subglottic Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 10.A. Single- versus double-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction: Rate of decannulation, need for subsequent procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick 10.B. Cricotracheal resection: Chance of decannulation, chance of undergoing subsequent salvage procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Jennifer J. Shin and Christopher J. Hartnick Section III Systematic Reviews in Otology 11 Measuring Audiometric Outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Christopher F. Halpin 12 Chronic Otitis Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 12.A. Topical antibiotic versus placebo or antiseptic alone for chronic active otitis media without cholesteatoma: Impact on resolution of otorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Jennifer J. Shin and J. GailNeely Contents xvi 12.B. Topical versus systemic antibiotic therapy for chronic active otitis media without cholesteatoma: Impact on resolution of otorrhea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Jennifer J. Shin and J. Gail Neely 12.C. Topical versus combined topical and systemic antibiotic therapy for chronic active otitis media without cholesteatoma: Impact on resolution of otorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Jennifer J. Shin and J. Gail Neely 12.D. Ototopical neomycin: Impact on post-treatment hearing. . . . . . 259 Jennifer J. Shin, Ming-Yee Lin, and Steven D. Rauch 12.E. Staging in tympanoplasty: Impact on audiometric outcomes. . . 266 Jennifer J. Shin and SaumilMerchant 13 Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 13.A. Systemic steroids versus control: Impact on audiometric outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Jennifer J. Shin and Steven D. Rauch 13.B.Acyclovir adjunct to steroids versus placebo adjunct to steroids: Impact on audiometric outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Jennifer J. Shin and Steven D. Rauch 13.C. Valcyclovir adjunct to steroids: Impact on audiometric outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Jennifer J. Shin and Steven D. Rauch 13.D. Intratympanic steroids: Impact on audiometric outcomes. . . . . 290 Jennifer J. Shin and Steven D. Rauch 14 Cochlear Implantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 14.A. Comparative implant performance in postlingually deafened adults: Speech recognition outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Pamela Roehm, Richard S. Tyler, Camille Dunn, and Bruce J. Gantz 14.B. Cochlear implantation of prelingually deafened adults: Speech recognition outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Pamela Roehm, Richard S. Tyler, Camille Dunn, and Bruce J. Gantz 14.C. Implantation of adults: Impact on quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Steven Hemmerdinger and Susan Waltzman 14.D. Implantation of older adults: Speech recognition outcomes. . . . 308 Rita M. Roure and J. Thomas Roland 14.E. Post-implant surgical-site infection: Management with antibiotics, nonexplant surgery, or explantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Rita M. Roure and J. Thomas Roland 14.F. Cochlear implantation: Risk of postoperative meningitis. . . . . . . 319 Rita M. Roure and J. Thomas Roland 15 Meniere Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 15.A.i. Intratympanic gentamicin: Impact on vestibular complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 ChingAnderson and John P. Carey 15.A.ii. Intratympanic gentamicin: Impact on audiometry. . . . . . . . . . 331 Ching Anderson and John P. Carey Contents xvii 15.B.i. Endolymphatic shunt surgery versus "sham" surgery or medical therapy: Impact on control of vertigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Walter Kutz and William H. Slattery III 15.B.ii. Endolymphatic shunt surgery versus "sham" surgery or medical therapy: Impact on audiometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Walter Kutz and William H. Slattery III 15.C. Surgical labyrinthectomy versus other procedures: Chance of decreased vestibular complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Walter Kutz and William H. Slattery III 16 Tinnitus....................................................... 351 16.A.Antidepressant agents versus placebo for idiopathic subjective tinnitus: Impact on symptom control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Josh Finnell and Jay F. Piccirillo 16.B.Anticonvulsant agents versus placebo for idiopathic subjective tinnitus: Impact on symptom control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Josh Finnell and Jay F. Piccirillo 16.C. Tinnitus retraining therapy: Impact on loudness, annoyance, and habituation to tinnitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Carol Bauerand Thomas f. Brozoski 16.D. Lidocaine versus placebo: Impact on loudness and annoyance of tinnitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Carol Bauerand Alison Perring 17 Bell's Palsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 17.A. Systemic steroids alone versus placebo: Impact on recovery to normal or near-normal function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Mitchell Ramseyand Mark Syms 17.B.Antiviral therapy versus control: Impact on recovery to normal or near-normal function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Mitchell Ramseyand Mark Syms 17.C. Facial nerve decompression: Impact on recovery to normal or near-normal function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Mark Syms and Mitchell Ramsey 18 Perioperative Antibiotics for Otologic Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 I8.A. Perioperative systemic antibiotics versus control for myringoplasty: Impact on surgical site infections, graft success. . . . . . 383 Jennifer f. Shin and Marlene Durand 18.B. Perioperative systemic antibiotics versus control for tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy: Impact on surgical site infections, graft success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Jennifer f. Shin and Marlene Durand 18.C. Perioperative systemic antibiotics in patients with actively draining ears: Impact on postoperative infection, graft success . . . . . . 395 Jennifer J. Shin and Marlene Durand 18.D. Perioperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for all types of otologic surgery combined: Impact on postoperative infection, graft success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Jennifer f. Shin and Marlene Durand Contents xvtu Section IV Systematic Reviews in General Otolaryngology 19 Tonsillectomy in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 19.A. Tonsillectomy for recurrent pharyngitis in adults: Impact on clinical improvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Michael G. Stewart and Christopher Prichard 19.B. Perioperative antibiotics versus placebo: Impact on postoperative symptom control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Michael G. Stewart and Christopher Prichard 19.C.i. Monopolar cautery versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: Impact on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, return to normal diet, and/or postoperative bleeding. . . . . . . . . . 423 James Denneny and Wade Chien 19.C.ii. Bipolar cautery versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: Impact on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, return to normal diet, and/or postoperative bleeding. . . . . . . . . . 431 James Denneny and Wade Chien 19.C.iii. Monopolar cautery versus ultrasonic/harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy: Impact on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, return to normal diet, and/or postoperative bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 James Denneny and Wade Chien 19.C.iv. Radiofrequency/plasma (coblation) versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: Impact on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, return to normal diet, and/or postoperative bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 James Denneny and Wade Chien 20 Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 , 20.A. Continuous positive airway pressure versus placebo: Impact on sleepiness, quality of life, and driving performance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 DavidP. White and Roger S. Smith , 20.B. Continuous positive airway pressure versus uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 DavidP. White and Roger S. Smith , 20.C. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty versus oral appliance: Impact on apnea index and quality of life 458 Mary Beauchamp and Regina P. Walker , 20.D. Tongue suspension: Impact on quality of life, polysornnography, and excessive daytime sleepiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Kenny Pang and B. Tucker Woodson 21 Allergic Rhinitis 471 , 21.A. Intranasal steroids versus nonsedating antihistamines: Impact on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Melissa Pynnonen and Jeffrey Terrell Contents XIX , 21.B. Antihistamines versus montelukast versus antihistamine plus montelukast versus placebo for seasonal allergic rhinitis: Impact on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, and disease-specific quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Jeffrey Terrell and Melissa Pynnonen 22 Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 , 22.A. Comparative oral antibiotic regimens: Impact on rates of cure, failure, relapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Stacey Gray, Jennifer J. Shin, and Ralph Metson , 22.B. Oral antibiotic therapy for one month or longer: Impact on sinonasal symptoms, quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 Stacey Gray, Jennifer]. Shin, and Ralph Metson , 22.C. Aerosolized antibiotics: Impact on sinonasal outcomes. . . . . . . . 499 Stacey Gray, Jennifer]. Shin, and Ralph Metson , 22.D. Intranasal antifungal therapy: Impact on computed tomography, symptoms, quality of life, and endoscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Stacey Gray, Jennifer]. Shin, and Ralph Metson , 22.E.i. Endoscopic sinus surgery: Impact on disease-specific quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Jennifer]. Shin and Gregory W Randolph , 22.E.ii. Endoscopic sinus surgery: Impact on global quality of life. . . . 513 Jennifer J. Shin and Gregory W Randolph 23 Adult Laryngopharyngeal Reflux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 , 23.A. Proton pump inhibitor therapy versus placebo: Impact on symptom scores and laryngeal signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 James Hartman 24 Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 , 24.A. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis: Introductory overview . . . . . . . . 525 Randall C. Paniello , 24.B.Vocal fold injection: Impact on subjective and objective measures of voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Randall C. Paniello , 24.C.i. Open medialization with implant: Impact on subjective and objective measures of voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 Randall C. Paniello , 24.C.ii. Medialization laryngoplasty alone versus medialization with arytenoid adduction: Comparative voice outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 Randall C. Paniello and Jennifer]. Shin , 24.D. Laryngeal reinnervation for unilateral vocal cord paralysis: Impact on voice outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Randall C. Paniello , 24.£. Vocal fold injection versus medialization laryngoplasty: Impact on subjective and objective measures of voice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 Randall C. Paniello and Shivan Amin , 24.F. Reinnervation versus no reinnervation: Impact on subjective and objective measures of voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 Randall C. Paniello and Shivan Amin Contents xx Section V Systematic Reviews in Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery 25 Survival Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 Sandra S. Stinnett 26 Head and Neck Quality of Life Assessment and Outcomes Research. . . . 579 Richard Gliklich 27 Prophylaxis in Head and Neck Surgery ............................. 587 · 27.A. One-day versus longer-course perioperative antibiotics: Impact on postoperative surgical-site infections ................... 587 Jennifer J. Shin and Jonas T. Johnson · 27.B.i. Mechanical versus chemical prophylaxis in otolaryngologic surgery: Impact on thromboemboli ............................. 599 Jennifer J. Shin and Jonas T. Johnson · 27.B.ii. Compression versus subcutaneous heparin: Impact on postoperative or posttraumatic deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, and bleeding.......................................... 604 Jennifer J. Shin and Jonas T. Johnson 28 Selective Neck Dissection for Upper Aerodigestive Tract Squamous Cell Carcinoma ..................................................... 623 · 28.A. Supraomohyoid neck dissection versus modified radical neck dissection (type 3) for NOoral cavity carcinoma: Chance of recurrence, chance of survival at 5 years ......................... 623 Jennifer J. Shin and Gregory vv: Randolph · 28.B. Supraomohyoid neck dissection versus observation alone for stage I-II oral cavity carcinoma: Chance of recurrence, chance of survival at 2-3.5 years......................................... 627 Jennifer J. Shin and Gregory vv: Randolph · 28.C. Supraomohyoid neck dissection for NOoral cavity carcinoma: Chance of recurrence, chance of survival. ........................ 629 Jennifer J. Shin and Gregory W Randolph · 28.D. Supraomohyoid neck dissection as a staging procedure for NO oral cavity carcinoma: Chance of recurrence or survival at 2 or more years with a negative versus positive specimen ............... 632 Jennifer J. Shin and Gregory W Randolph · 28.£. Lateral neck dissection versus type 3 modified radical neck dissection: Impact on survival, recurrence........................ 635 Jennifer J. Shin and Gregory W Randolph · 28.F. Sparing the spinal accessory nerve without versus with dissection of level V: Impact on postoperative quality of life ........ 637 Jennifer f. Shin and Gregory W Randolph 29 Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma .......................... 643 · 29.A.i. Surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy versus chemoradiation for stage III-IV oropharyngeal carcinoma: Impact on survival, recurrence ................................. 643 Richard Wein and Randal S. Weber Contents xxi , 29.A.ii. Surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy versus chemoradiation for oropharyngeal carcinoma: Impact on quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 Richard Wein and Randal S. Weber , 29.B. Computed tomography scan versus orthopantomogram (Panorex) to assess mandibular invasion by oral cavity or oropharyngeal carcinoma: Positive and negative predictive values with respect to surgical or histologic confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 Richard Wein and Randal S. Weber 30 Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Early-Stage Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 , 30.A.i. Endoscopic resection versus radiation therapy for stage I-II glottic carcinoma: Impact on survival and local recurrence . . . . . . . . . 661 Yen-Lin Chen and KianAng , 30.A.ii. Endoscopic resection versus radiation therapy for stage I-II glottic carcinoma: Impact on voice and quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 Yen-Lin Chen and KianAng , 30.B. Open partial laryngectomy versus endoscopic laryngectomy for Tl-2 glottic carcinoma: Impact on recurrence, salvage surgeries, and survival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 Ramon Franco and Jennifer]. Shin , 30.C. Open partial laryngectomy with/without radiation therapy versus radiation therapy alone for Tl-2 NO supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma: Impact on survival and recurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 Yen-Lin Chen and KianAng , 30.D. Hyperfractionated versus conventional radiotherapy for T2 NO laryngeal carcinoma: Impact on recurrence and survival . . . . . . . . 686 Yen-Lin Chen and KianAng 31 Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Advanced Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 31.A.i. Open partial laryngectomy versus total laryngectomy: Impact on disease-specific quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 Ramon Franco, Jennifer J. Shin, and James Netterville 31.A.ii. Open partial laryngectomy versus total laryngectomy: Impact on global quality of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 Ramon Franco, Jennifer J. Shin, and James Netterville 31.B.i. Total laryngectomy with postoperative radiation therapy versus induction chemotherapy with radiation therapy for stage III-IV laryngeal carcinoma: Impact on survival, recurrence. . . . 702 BabarSultan, Lori Wirth, and Merrill S. Kies , 31.B.ii. Total laryngectomy with postoperative radiation therapy versus induction chemotherapy with radiation therapy for stage III-IV laryngeal carcinoma: Impact on quality of life, functionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 BabarSultan, Lori Wirth, and Merrill S. Kies , 31.C. Chemoradiation therapy versus radiation therapy alone for stage III-IV laryngeal carcinoma: Impact on survival, recurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 Lori Wirth, BabarSultan, and Merrill s. Kies Contents xxii 32 Advanced Head and Neck Malignancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 , 32.A. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus adjuvant radiation therapy for high-risk head and neck cancer: Impact on survival, recurrence 723 Lori Wirth, Babar Sultan, and Merrill S. Kies , 32.B. Standard versus experimental cisplatin regimens for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Impact on survival, response rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 Lori Wirth and Merrill S. Kies , 32.C. Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Impact on locoregional response, disease control, overall survival. . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 Lori Wirth and Merrill S. Kies 33 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 , 33.A. Unilateral versus total thyroidectomy for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: Impact on survival, recurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 Christian Slough and Gregory W Randolph , 33.B. Radioactive iodine versus no radioactive iodine as adjunctive treatment for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: Impact on survival, recurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 Christian Slough and Gregory W Randolph