Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. Vol. 185

Activated charcoal, adsorbable organic halides measurement, 74 Activated sludge treatment, paper production effluent, 84 Acute lead exposure, effects, 94 Adsorbable organic halides (AOX), paper production, 74 Age differences, children’s blood lead, 105 Age effect, human nail element content, 147 Air, effect on element content human nails, 153 Air levels, pollutants in S. America, 8 Alcohol consumption, effects nail/element studies, 150 Aldrin in foods, S. America, 22 Aldrin, use in S. America, 2 Algae bioassays, Reconquista River, 54 Aluminum, in human nails, 162 Analytical instruments used in nail/element studies, 148 Analytical procedures, human nail elements, 146 Androgenic substances, paper production contaminants, 76 Androgens from progesterone, paper production, 77 Androgens produced from progesterone (illus.), 77 Animal bioassays, Reconquista River, 54 Antimony, in human nails, 161 Aquatic toxicology, paper production, 75 Argentina, Reconquista River pollution, 35 ff. Argentina rivers pollution, 36 Argentina, urban population percentage, 35 Arsenic, in human nails, 162 Atmospheric inversion layer, lead pollution, 100 Atmospheric lead pollution, gasoline, 99 Atmospheric lead, seasonal variation, 104 Berylium, in human nails, 161 Beta-sitosterol, reduced fish steroids, 76, 82 Biological oxygen demand (BOD), paper production, 73 Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Reconquista River, 44, 52 Biomarker, trace element exposure, human nails, 141 ff. Birds, pollutant levels in S. America, 20 Bismuth, in human nails, 161 Black liquor, paper production, 73 Bleaching, organic stream contaminant source, 72 Blood lead, adults, 110 Blood lead, affected children, 110 Blood lead, animals, 110 Blood lead, changes with age, 121 Blood lead, correlation with head hair lead, 123, 125 Blood lead levels, age distribution, 118 Blood lead, children, 102 Blood lead levels vs age, 112 Blood lead, seasonal changes, 122 Blood lead, symptoms vs age, 111 BOD (biological oxygen demand), paper production, 73 BOD (biological oxygen demand), Reconquista River, 44, 52 Boron, in human nails, 161 Brittle nails, effect on element content, 151 Brownstock, paper production, 71, 73 Bufo arenarum (toad), bioassay organism, 55 Cadmium content, Reconquista River, 46 Cadmium, in human nails, 161 Calcium, in human nails, 161 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, S. America, 6 Cellulose, wood composition amount, 70 Chemical oxygen demand (COD), paper production, 73 Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Reconquista River, 44, 52 Children lead exposure, 101 179 Children’s blood lead, age differences, 105 Children’s blood lead, chelation treated, 112 Children’s blood lead, seasonal variation, 104 Chlordane, use in S. America, 4 Chlordanes in foods, S. America, 22 Chlorinated insecticides, sediment levels in S. America, 16 Chlorinated insecticides, soil levels in S. America, 10 Chlorinated insecticides, use in S. America, 2 Chlorinated insecticides, water levels in S. America, 13 Chlorine derivatives, pulp bleaching, 72 Chlorine, in human nails, 161 Chromium content, Reconquista River, 46 Chronic lead exposure, children effects, 94 Cigarette smoke, effects on nail/element studies, 150 Clusters of lead exposure, 108 CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions, S. America, 6 Cobalt, in human nails, 162 COD (chemical oxygen demand), paper production, 73 COD (chemical oxygen demand), Reconquista River, 44, 52 Contaminated sites, pollutants in S. America, 7 Copper, in human nails, 161 Cyclodiene insecticides, use in S. America, 2 DDT in foods, S. America, 22 DDT, use in S. America, 4 Delta aminolevulinic acid, urine lead indicator, 101 Dieldrin in foods, S. America, 22 Dieldrin, use in S. America, 2 Dietary supplements, effect human nail element content, 159 Dioxins (PCDDs), S. America pollutants, 5 Dioxins, air levels in S. America, 9 Dioxins, paper production contaminants, 75 Dioxins, soil levels in S. America, 11 Dioxins, water levels in S. America, 11 Dissolved oxygen (DO), Reconquista River, 44 Diterpenoid carboxylic acids (resin acids), paper production, 85 DO (dissolved oxygen), Reconquista River, 44 Dolphins, pollutant levels in S. America, 19 Drinking water, element content human nails effect, 153 Endocrine disruption, paper production contaminants, 81 Endocrine disruptors, described, 81 Endosulfan in foods, S. America, 22 Endrin in foods, S. America, 22 Endrin, use in S. America, 2 Environmental lead samples, homes, 109 EPA controls, paper production effluent guidelines, 83 Evaluation of nervous system effects, lead exposure, 123, 126 Extractable organic halides (EOX), paper production, 74 Fecal pollution, Reconquista River, 51, 53 Fingernails, biomarker of trace element exposure, 141 ff. Fingernails vs toenails, trace element content, 163 Fish bioassays, paper mill effluent, 69 Fish consumption, nail/element content effect, 150 Fish, females masculinized, paper production effluent, 75 Fish, morphological effects, paper production effluent, 75 Fish, pollutant levels in S. America, 19 Fluorine, in human nails, 162 Food, element content human nails effect, 153 Foods, pollutant levels in S. America, 20, 22 Furans (PCDFs), S. America pollutants, 5 Furans, air levels in S. America, 9 Furans, paper production contaminants, 75 Furans, soil levels in S. America, 11 Furans, water levels in S. America, 11 Gambusia holbrooki, masculinized females, paper production contaminants, 75 Gasoline, leaded, atmospheric pollution, 99 Germanium, in human nails, 161 GnRH (gonadotropic-releasing hormone), PME fish effects, 69 Gonadosomatic index (GSI), PME fish effects, 69 Gonadotrophs (GtH), PME fish effects, 69 Gonadotropic-releasing hormone (GnRH), PME fish effects, 69 GSI (gonadosomatic index), PME fish effects, 69 GtH (gonadotrophs), PME fish effects, 69 Hafnium, in human nails, 161 Hair lead, blood lead correlation, 123, 125 HCB (hexachlorobenzene), use in S. America, 4 HCB in foods, S. America, 22 HCH in foods, S. America, 22 HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes), water levels in S. America, 13 Head hair lead, blood lead correlation, 123, 125 Heavy metal exposure, human nail biomarkers, 141 ff. Heavy metals content, Reconquista River, 45 Hepatic dysfunction, paper production contaminants, 78 Heptachlor, use in S. America, 4 Heptachlors in foods, S. America, 22 Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), use in S. America, 4 Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), water levels S. America, 13 Hormone disruption, paper production effluents, 81 Household paints, lead content, 98 Human foods, pollutant levels S. America, 20, 22 Human lead exposure, Chile, 93 ff. Human nail biomarkers of element exposure, 141 ff. Human nails, age effect on element content, 147 Human nails, analytical instruments used in element studies, 148 Human nails, contamination effect on element content, 152 Human nails, desiccation after washing, 146 Human nails, dietary supplement effects element content, 159 Human nails, digestion for analysis, 146 Human nails, drinking water effect on element content, 153 Human nails, element correlation other samples, 160 Human nails, element interaction element content, 158 Human nails, element levels health risk, 155 Human nails, element levels vs exposure period, 155 Human nails, element levels vs health status, 155 Human nails, element speciation uptake effect, 159 Human nails, elemental analysis quality control, 147 Human nails, elemental analytical methods, 146 Human nails, environmental exposure, 152 Human nails, essential element accumulation, 165 Human nails, exposure and sampling times, 144 Human nails, fingernails vs toenails element content, 163 Human nails, food effect element content, 153 Human nails, genetic variation effect element content, 151 Human nails, multielement effects, 157 Human nails, nail character effect element content, 151 Human nails, normal vs brittle nail effect element content, 151 Human nails, nutritional element determination, 155 Human nails, occupational effect element content, 154 Human nails, regional effect element content, 151 Human nails, sampling procedures, 144 Human nails, sex effect element content, 147 Human nails, time/season effect element content, 151 Humans, chlorinated insecticide residues, S. America, 21, 25 Humans, PCB residues, S. America, 25 Insecticide levels, Reconquista River, 47 Instrumental analysis used in nail/element studies, 148 Inversion layer, atmospheric lead pollution, 100 Iodine, in human nails, 162 Iron, in human nails, 162 Kraft pulping, paper production, 71 Lead contamination, homes, 109 Lead encephalopathy, lead exposure, 94 Lead exposure, acute effects, 94 Lead exposure, children’s toys, 127 Lead exposure, chronic effects, 94 Lead exposure clusters, 108 Lead exposure, effects during pregnancy, 95 Lead exposure, evaluating nervous system effects, 123 Lead exposure, food contamination, 127 Lead exposure, humans Chile, 93 ff. Lead exposure, lead in soil, 129 Lead exposure, lead ore storage, 120 Lead exposure, neurological effects, age differences, 115 Lead exposure, prevention recommendations, 130 Lead exposure, primary lead sources, 96 Lead exposure, toxic wastes, 120 Lead, food contamination, examples, 96 Lead, household paints content, 97 Lead in hair, correlation with blood lead, 123,125 Lead, in human nails, 161 Lead, in wheat flour, 108, 110 Lead ore concentrates, urban contamination, 113 Lead sources, human exposure, 96 Lead sulfide, lead ore, urban contamination, 113 Lead use, historical, 94 Leaded gasoline, historical annual usage, 107 Leaded gasoline, human lead exposure, 96 Leaded gasoline, lead content history, 107 Lignin, wood composition amount, 70 Liver somatic index (LSI), PME fish effects, 69 LSI (liver somatic index), PME fish effects, 69 Magnesium, in human nails, 162 Masculinized female fish, paper production effluent, 75 Mercury, in human nails, 161 MFO (mixed-function oxidase), PME fish effects, 69 MFO, effects of paper production effluent, 79 Microorganisms, metabolize industrial pollutants, 84 Mirex in foods, S. America, 22 Mirex, use in S. America, 4 Mixed-function oxidase (MFO), PME fish effects, 69 Mixed-function oxidases (MFOs), paper production effects, 79 Molybdenum, in human nails, 161 Morphological effects (fish), paper production effluent, 75 Mussel Watch pollutant data, S. America, 18 N-NH4 pollution, Reconquista River, 52 Nail biomarkers, advantages of use, 142