Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. / Volume 195

AB (arsenobetaine) sea turtle content, 47 Acetylcholinesterase, OP (organophosphate) insecticide inhibition, 124 Acetylcholinesterase, OP insecticide affinity, 127 Agrochemicals, carboxylesterase biomarkers, 126 Agrochemicals, esterase interactions, 120 Algae, esterase inhibition, 129 Analysis of arsenic in marine ecosystems, 39 Analytical methods, arsenic analyses, 58 Androgenic activity, TBA (trenbolone acetate) water contamination, 13 Androgens, implant potency (table), 4 Animal feedlot runoff, water contamination (table), 11 Aquatic sediment toxicity, lambdacyhalothrin, 83 Arsenic burden, marine organisms, 41, 42 Arsenic burden, sea turtles, 46 Arsenic burden, seabird livers (illus.), 45, 46 Arsenic content, marine mammals (illus.), 42 Arsenic content, marine organisms (table), 39 Arsenic speciation, 34 Arsenic speciation, analysis methods, 35 Arsenic species, liver content/marine vertebrates (illus.), 43 Arsenic species, marine ecosystems, 34 Arsenic tissue burdens, marine organisms, 44 Arsenic toxicity, chemical species, 32 Arsenic toxicity, marine species, 48 Arsenic vs. arsenobetaine content, marine animals (illus.), 38 Arsenic, analytical methods, 58 Arsenic, lipid-soluble marine mammal residues, 58 Arsenic, lipid-soluble marine organism residues, 56 Arsenic, marine mammals, 31 ff. Arsenic, marine organisms, 33 Arsenic, maternal transfer/mammals, 50 Arsenic, maternal transfer/seabirds, 51 Arsenic, methylation (illus.), 37 Arsenic, pollution sources, 32 Arsenic, seabirds, 31 ff. Arsenic, seawater concentrations, 33 Arsenic, structures/lipid-soluble forms, 57 Arsenic, structures/water soluble forms, 34 Arsenic, turtles, 31 ff. Arsenic, uses/properties, 32 Arsenicals in seawater, organisms & tropic levels (illus.), 35 Arsenicals, marine ecosystem fate, 36 Arsenicals, newly discovered examples, 49 Arsenobetaine (AB) sea turtle content, 47 Arsenobetaine burdens, freshwater vs. terrestrial environments, 55 Arsenobetaine burdens, seabirds, 45 Arsenobetaine vs. arsenic, marine animal content (illus.), 38 Arsenobetaine vs. glycine betaine, marine vertebrate liver levels (illus.), 55 Arsenobetaine, degradation pathway (illus.), 40 Arsenobetaine, marine animal accumulation, 53 Arsenobetaine, marine organism content, 36, 43 Arsenobetaine, microbial metabolism in marine organisms, 40 Arsenobetaine, natural synthetic pathways, 52 Arsenobetaine, origins/pathways, 51 Arsenosugars, marine organisms, 36 Arsenosugars, toxicity, 60 Avian species, esterase inhibition, 130 Beef cattle industry, growth-promoting compounds, 1 ff. Bioaccumulation, lambda-cyhalothrin, 85 Biomagnification, organochlorines (PCBs), 33 Biomarkers, bivalve esterases & agrochemical exposure, 128 Biomarkers, carboxylesterases & agrochemical exposure, 126 Biomarkers, carboxylesterases & organotin exposure, 128 Biomarkers, crustacean carboxylesterases & agrochemical exposure, 129 Biomarkers, fish esterases & agrochemical exposure, 127 Biomarkers, growth-promoting compounds, 14 Biomarkers, miscellaneous esterases/ applications, 131 Birds, insecticide esterase inhibition, 130 Bivalves, esterase biomarkers of agrochemical exposure, 128 Blood lead levels in children (illus.), 96, 98 Blood lead levels in children, Uruguay, 95 Blood lead levels in Uruguayan populations (table), 97 Blood lead levels, dogs & children (illus.), 108 Blood lead levels, dogs & children (table), 107 Blood lead levels, home-exposed children (illus.), 105 Blood lead levels, rural children (illus.), 104 Blood lead levels, Uruguayan populations (table), 109 C Carbamate insecticides, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 124 Carbamate insecticides, carboxylesterase binding, 124 Carboxylesterase 1, structure (illus.), 121 Carboxylesterase activity, environmental monitoring applications, 117 ff. Carboxylesterase activity, insecticide toxicity TIE method (table), 154 Carboxylesterase activity, preparation method, 153 Carboxylesterase activity, pyrethroidsassociated toxicity TIE method, 153 Carboxylesterase activity, TIE (toxicity identification evaluation) methods, 155 Carboxylesterase activity, TIE applications, 117 ff. Carboxylesterase activity, utility in TIE protocols, 162 Carboxylesterase activity, water column contamination monitoring, 155 Carboxylesterase addition method, pyrethroid contaminated sediments, 158 Carboxylesterase addition method, water/ sediment TIE application (table), 156 Carboxylesterase addition, method limitations, 160 Carboxylesterase biomonitoring, pyrethroid insecticides, 133 Carboxylesterases, agrochemical monitoring, 125 Carboxylesterases, avian species, 130 Carboxylesterases, biomarkers & agrochemical exposure, 126 Carboxylesterases, bivalve exposure biomarker, 128 Carboxylesterases, crustacean exposure biomarker, 129 Carboxylesterases, description/role, 119 Carboxylesterases, drug/pesticide hydrolysis, 120 Carboxylesterases, ester cleavage process, 122 Carboxylesterases, fish exposure biomarker, 127 Carboxylesterases, inhibition mechanism (diag.), 123 Carboxylesterases, inhibitors, 122 Carboxylesterases, insecticide resistance, 125 Carboxylesterases, microbial biomonitoring applications, 132 Carboxylesterases, miscellaneous applications, 131 Carboxylesterases, miscellaneous herbicide applications, 132 Carboxylesterases, OP & carbamate insecticide binding, 124 Carboxylesterases, OP insecticide affinity, 127 Carboxylesterases, organotin biomarker, 128 Carboxylesterases, pyrethroid insecticide detoxification, 118 Cattle implants, high-potency combinations, 4 Chemical/physical constants, pyrethroid insecticides (table), 137 Chemistry, pyrethroid insecticides, 135 Children, blood lead levels (illus.), 104 Children, blood lead levels (illus.), 105 Children, lead exposure (table), 107 Children, lead exposure (table), 103 Children, Uruguayan lead exposure research, 102 Crustaceans, esterase biomarkers, 129 Cyhalothrin (see lambda-cyhalothrin) Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism, diazinon & permethrin (diag.), 124 D DES (diethylstilbestrol), implant regulatory approval, 3 DES, cattle growth promotion, 3 Diazinon, cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism (diag.), 124 Diethylstilbestrol (DES), implant regulatory approval, 3 Dogs, lead exposure (table), 107 Dogs, lead exposure sentinels, 107 E Ecotoxicology, lambda-cyhalothrin, 81 Endocrine-disruption in fish, growthpromoting compounds, 2 Environmental impact, growth-promoting compounds, 1 ff. Environmental monitoring, carboxylesterase activity applications, 117 ff. Environmental monitoring, pyrethroid insecticide residues, 143 Environmental toxicity, pyrethroid insecticides, 141 Esterase activity biomonitoring, high-throughput screens, 134 Esterase inhibition, terrestrial organisms, 130 Esterase interactions, agrochemicals & pharmaceuticals, 120 Esterase, inhibiting potency/rainwater, 131 Esterase-mediated hydrolysis, pyrethroid insecticides, 119 Esterases, inhibition in algae, 129 Esterases, miscellaneous applications, 131 Estradiol (17β-E2), cattle metabolism, 5 Estradiol, fish effects, 15 Estradiol benzoate, implant in cattle, 3 Estradiol benzoate/progesterone, implant quantity (table), 4 Estradiol, agricultural field runoff, 9 Estradiol, cattle metabolism, 5 Estradiol, cattle metabolites (table), 5 Estradiol, environmental fate, 7, 8 Estradiol, field soil runoff, 9 Estradiol, fish reproduction effects, 19, 20, 22 Estradiol, fish gene expression effects, 17, 18 Estradiol, implant in cattle, 3 Estradiol, implant quantity (table), 4 Estradiol, water contamination, 10 Estradiol/TBA, implant quantity (table), 4 Estrogens, implant potency (table), 4 Estrus, melengestrol acetate inhibition, 5 F Fish reproduction effects, TBA &17β-E2, 22 Fish sexual differentiation, growth-promoting compounds (table), 23 Fish, esterase biomarkers, 127 Fish, lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity, 81 Fish, pyrethroids insecticide toxicity, 142 Fish, reduced-temperature pyrethroids toxicity effects (tables), 151 Fish, temperature differential TIE method, 150 F Gamma-cyhalothrin, insecticidal activity, 74 Gonadosomatic index (GSI),17β-E2 effects, 19 Growth promoters, vitellogenesis effects (table), 16 Growth promoting steroids, conjugated forms, 6 Growth-promoters, fish gene expression effects (table), 18 Growth-promoting compounds, 3 Growth-promoting compounds, field/manure wash out, 9 Growth-promoting compounds, fish & wildlife effects, 14 Growth-promoting compounds, fish effects (table), 21 Growth-promoting compounds, sexual differentiation effects (table), 23 Growth-promoting compounds, U.S. beef cattle industry, 1 ff. Growth-promoting implant formulations, cattle (table), 4 Growth-promoting implants, steer & heifer growth, 2 Growth-promoting implants, steroidogenic effects, 7 Growth-promoting steroids, steer & heifer growth, 2 H Heifer & steer growth, growth-promoting steroids, 2 Heifer estrus suppression, progestrogenic feed additive, 3 Herbicides, carboxylesterase applications, 132 High-potency cattle implants, effective combinations, 4 High-throughput screens, esterase activity biomonitoring, 134 Human toxicity, pyrethroid insecticides, 140 Hydrolysis products, lambda-cyhalothrin, 77 Hydrophobicity, permethrin sample handling issues (table), 139 Hydrophobicity, pyrethroid insecticides, 136, 138 I Implants, cattle growth-promoting compounds, 2 Implants, cattle uses, 3 Inhibitors, carboxylesterases, 122 Inorganic arsenic, marine ecosystem fate, 36 Inorganic arsenic, methylation pathways (illus.), 37 Insecticide resistance, carboxylesterase role, 125 Insecticide toxicity, carboxylesterase activity TIE method (table), 154 Invertebrates, lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity, 82 L La Teja neighborhood case, Uruguay lead exposure, 95 Lambda-cyhalothrin, agricultural usage, 72 Lambda-cyhalothrin, aquatic sediment toxicity, 83 Lambda-cyhalothrin, bioaccumulation, 85 Lambda-cyhalothrin, chemistry, 72 Lambda-cyhalothrin, ecotoxicology, 71 ff., 81 Lambda-cyhalothrin, environmental chemistry, 71 ff. Lambda-cyhalothrin, environmental fate, 71 ff. Lambda-cyhalothrin, fish toxicity, 82 Lambda-cyhalothrin, hydrolysis pathway & products, 77 Lambda-cyhalothrin, invertebrate toxicity, 82 Lambda-cyhalothrin, isomeric structures, 73 Lambda-cyhalothrin, macrophyte toxicity, 82 Lambda-cyhalothrin, microbial degradation, 78 Lambda-cyhalothrin, mode of action, 75 Lambda-cyhalothrin, photodegradation pathways, (illus.), 76 Lambda-cyhalothrin, photolysis, 75 Lambda-cyhalothrin, physicochemical properties (table), 74 Lambda-cyhalothrin, plant absorptionassimilation, 86 Lambda-cyhalothrin, pyrethroid insecticide, 72 Lambda-cyhalothrin, residue runoff mitigation, 85 Lambda-cyhalothrin, soil adsorption pH effects, 79 Lambda-cyhalothrin, soil degradation, 78 Lambda-cyhalothrin, soil fauna effects, 84 Lambda-cyhalothrin, soil mobility, 81 Lambda-cyhalothrin, terrestrial soil dissipation, 80 Lambda-cyhalothrin, water dissipation, 78 Laws, Uruguay, lead regulation, 110 Lead blood levels in children (illus.), 98 Lead blood levels, Uruguayan populations (table), 109 Lead contamination in Uruguay, 93 ff. Lead contamination, industrial surveillance, 101 Lead exposed children, Uruguayan health studies, 96 Lead exposure, children blood lead levels, 95 Lead exposure, dogs & children (table), 107 Lead exposure, the La Teja case, 95 Lead exposure, Uruguay, 94 Lead exposure, Uruguayan children blood lead levels (illus.), 96 Lead exposure, Uruguayan occupational exposure, 98 Lead exposure, Uruguayan sources, 94 Lead in blood, Uruguayans (table), 97 Lead in soil, Uruguay, 95, 99 Lead levels in soil, Uruguayan settlements (table), 100, 106 Lead remediation, Uruguay, 101 Lead soil levels, international recommendations (table), 99 Lead, dogs & children blood lead levels (illus.), 108 Lead, dogs as exposure sentinels, 107 Lead, non-occupational exposure, 106 Lead, worker exposure, 106 Leaded gasoline, Uruguayan phase-out, 100 Lead-exposed children, age/gender effects (table), 103 Lead-exposed children, Uruguayan research, 102 Legal framework, lead in Uruguay, 110 Lizards, esterase inhibition, 131