Intensive care medicine : annual update 2008

Are Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Important for Critically III Patients? C. KIRWAN, I. MACPHEE, and B. PHILIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Genetic Susceptibility in ALI/ARDS: What have we Learned? R. CARTIN-CEBA, M.N. GONG, and O. GAJIC 13 Racial Disparities in Infection and Sepsis: Does Biology Matter? EB. MAYR, S. YENDE, and D.C. ANGUS 24 II Cardiac Issues B-type Natriuretic Peptide: An Emerging Biomarker in Pediatric Critical Care P.E. OISHI, J.-H. Hsu, and J.R. FINEMAN 33 Cardiac Dysfunction in Septic Shock I. CINEL, R. NANDA, and R.P. DELLINGER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 The Consequences of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome H. SCHMIDT, U. MULLER-WERDAN, and K. WERDAN 55 Quantification of Improved Left Ventricular Performance during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy B. LAMIA and M.R. PINSKY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Diastolic Dysfunction and Cardiac Failure in the Intensive Care Unit J. POELAERT, E. OSIPOWSKA, and C. VERBORGH 76 Pharmacological Support of the Failing Right Ventricle P.E WOUTERS, S. REX, and C. MISSANT 88 Perioperative Cardioprotection H.-J. PRIEBE 101 III Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improving the Quality of Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Care C]. DINE and B.S. ABELLA 113 Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation A. TOPJIAN, R.A. BERG, and V.M. NADKARNI 121 v VI Table of Contents Early Cooling in Cardiac Arrest: What is the Evidence? 1. HAMMER, C. ADRIE, and J.-E TIMSIT 137 IV Emergencies Management of Severe Accidental Hypothermia G.J. PEEK, P.R. DAVIS, and J.A. ELLERTON 147 Initial ICU Management of Skin Sloughing Diseases: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome T.L. PALMIERI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 160 V Poisonings Pathophysiology of Caustic Ingestion M. OSMAN and D.N. GRANGER 171 Extracorporeal Life-Support for Acute Drug-induced Cardiac Toxicity B. MEGARBANE, N. DEYE, and EJ. BAUD 179 VI Acute Respiratory Failure Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation H.S. SURI, G. LI, and O. GAJIC 193 Esophagectomy and Acute Lung Injury D.P. PARK, D. GOUREVITCH, and G.D. PERKINS 203 Glucocorticoid Treatment in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Friend or Foe? P. PELOSI and P.R.M. Rocco 214 Regional Lung Function in Critically III Neonates: A New Perspective for Electrical Impedance Tomography I. FRERICHS, J. SCHOLZ, and N. WEILER 224 Extracorporeal Lung Assist for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Past, Present and Future R. Konr, U. STEINSEIFER, and R. ROSSAINT 235 VII Ventilatory Support Protective Mechanical Ventilation: Lessons Learned from Alveolar Mechanics S. ALBERT, B. KUBIAK, and G. NIEMAN 245 Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Asthma Exacerbations D. DE MENDOZA, M. LUJAN, and J. RELLO 256 Hypercapnia: Permissive, Therapeutic or Not at All? P. HASSETT, M. CONTRERAS, and J.G. LAFFEY 269 The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Hypercapnia T. MANCA, L.c. WELCH, and J.1. SZNAJDER 282 High Frequency Oscillation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Adults S.D. MENTZELOPOULOS, C. Roussos, and S.G. ZAKYNTHINOS 290 310 434 Table of Contents VII Airway Pressure Release Ventilation : Promises and Potentials for Concern J. GUTIERREZ MEJIA, E. FAN, and N.D. FERGUSON 301 Post-operative Non-invasive Ventilation S. JABER, G. CHANQUES, and B. JUNG VIII Tracheostomy Choice of Tracheostomy Tube: Does One Size Fit All? J. ORAM and A. BODENHAM 323 What's New in Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy? T.A. TRESCHAN, B. PANNEN, and M. BEIDERLINDEN 331 IX Infections Novel Therapies in the Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia P.J. YOUNG and M.C. BLUNT 343 Management of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia M. FERRER, M. VALENCIA, and A. TORRES 353 Flucytosine Combined with Amphotericin B for Fungal Infections P.H.J. VAN DER VOORT 365 X Cellular Mechanisms in Sepsis Apoptosis in Critical Illness: A Primer for the Intensivist Z. MALAM, J.C. MARSHALL 375 Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by Hypoxia and Inflammation in Sepsis: A Putative Role for Hypoxia Inducible Factor T. REGUEIRA, S.M. JAKOB, and S. DJAFARZADEH 385 Gram-positive and Gram-negative Sepsis: Two Disease Entities? S. LEAVER, A. BURKE GAFFNEY, and T.W. EVANS 395 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced Sepsis: Role of Nitric Oxide P. ENKHBAATAR, 1. TRABER, and D. TRABER 404 XI Sepsis Therapies The Cardiovascular Management of Sepsis B.C. CREAGH-BROWN, J. BALL, and M. HAMILTON 413 Terlipressin in Septic Shock: When and How Much? C. ERTMER, A. MORELLI, and M. WESTPHAL 423 Blood Purification Techniques in Sepsis and SIRS P.M. HONORE, O. JOANNES-BoYAU, and B. GRESSENS Glutathione in Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure U. FLARING and J. WERNERMAN 444 Selenocompounds and Selenium: A Biochemical Approach to Sepsis X. FORCEVILLE and P. VAN ANTWERPEN 454 536 VIII Table of Contents XII Metabolic Alterations The Role of Hypoxia and Inflammation in the Expression and Regulation of Proteins Regulating Iron Metabolism S. BRANDT, J. TAKALA, and P.M. LEPPER 473 Hyperammonemia in the Adult Critical Care Setting K. DAMS, W. MEERSSEMAN, and A. WILMER 481 Magnesium in the ICU: Sine qua non F. ESEN and L. TELCI 491 Strict Glycemic Control: Not If and When, but Who and How? M.J. DE GRAAFF, P.E. SPRONK, and M.J. SCHULTZ 502 Cortisol Metabolism in Inflammation and Sepsis B. VENKATESH and J. COHEN 514 XIII Fluid Management Assessment of Perioperative Fluid Balance M.T. GANTER and C.K. HOFER 523 Fluid Resuscitation and Intra-abdominal Hypertension I.E. DE LAET, J.J. DE WAELE, and M.L.N.G. MALBRAIN XIV Acute Kidney Injury Six Truths about Acute Kidney Injury that the Intensivist should be Aware of E.A.J. HOSTE 551 Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Acute Kidney Injury R. VASCHETTO, F.B. PLOTZ, and A.B.J. GROENEVELD 559 From Hemodynamics to Proteomics : Unraveling the Complexity of Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis M. MATEJOVIC, P. RADERMACHER, and V. THONGBOONKERD 568 XV Hemodynamic Assessment and Management Towards Optimal Central Venous Catheter Tip Position W. SCHUMMER, Y. SAKR, and C. SCHUMMER 581 From Arterial Pressure to Cardiac Output M. CECCONI, A. RHODES, and G. DELLA Roccx 591 Hemodynamic Monitoring: Requirements of Less Invasive Intensive Care - Quality And Safety A. VIEILLARD-BARON 602 Minimally Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring: Toy or Tool? G. MARX and T. SCHUERHOLZ 607 Bioreactance: A New Method for Non-invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring P. SQUARA 619 Goal-directed Hemodynamic Therapy for Surgical Patients P. MORGAN and A. RHODES 631 785 Table of Contents IX XVI Tissue Oxygenation Use of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in ICU Patients M. LEONE, V. BLASCO, and C. MARTIN 641 Early Optimization of Oxygen Delivery in High-risk Surgery Patients S.M. LOBO, E. REZENDE, and F. SUPARREGUI DIAS , 654 The Influence of Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Tissue Oxygenation S. SUTTNER and J. BOLDT 665 Recent Advancements in Microcirculatory Image Acquisition and Analysis R. BEZEMER, M. KHALILZADA, and C. INCE 677 The Beneficial Effects of Increasing Blood Viscosity B.Y. SALAZAR VAZQUEZ, P. CABRALES, and M. INTAGLIETTA 691 XVII Anticoagulants in Organ Failure Protein C and Antithrombin Levels in Surgical and Septic Patients Y. SAKR, N.C.M. YOUSSEF, and K. REINHART 703 Thrombophilia as a Risk Factor for Outcome in Sepsis J.-J. HOFSTRA, M. SCHOUTEN, and M. LEVI 713 The Effects of Activated Protein C on the Septic Endothelium S.E. ORFANOS, N.A. MANIATIS, and A. KOTANIDOU 721 Improvement in Hemodynamics by Activated Protein C in Septic Shock X. MONNET, H. KSOURI, and J.-L. TEBOUL 730 XVIII Acute Bleeding Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage on the Intensive Care Unit S.J. THOMSON, M.L. COWAN, and T.M. RAHMAN 739 Recombinant Activated Factor VII: The Delicate Balance between Efficacy and Safety S. BELISLE, J.-F. HARDY, and P. VAN DER LINDEN 751 XIX Hepatic Disease ICU Management of the Liver Transplant Patient G. DELLA ROCCA, M.G. COSTA, and P. CHIARANDINI 763 Liver Support with Fractionated Plasma Separation and Adsorption and Prometheusw K. RIFAI, C. TETTA, and C. RONCO 777 Artificial Liver Support: Current Status F. SALIBA, P. ICHAI, and D. SAMUEL XX Neurological Crises Encephalopathy in Sepsis A. POLITO, S. SIAMI, and T. SHARSHAR 801 X Table of Contents Multimodality Monitoring in Patients with Elevated Intracranial Pressure D.B. SEDER, J.M. SCHMIDT, and S. MAYER 811 Managing Critically III Patients with Status Epilepticus S. LEG RIEL, J.P. BEDos, and E. AZOULAY 822 XXI Analgesia and Sedation Sedation with Inhaled Anesthetics in Intensive Care EJ. BELDA, M. SORO, and A. MEISER " 839 Sedation or Analgo-sedation in the ICU: A Multimodality Approach E MEURANT, A. BODART, and J.P. KOCH 850 XXII Outcomes Time to Use Computerized Physician Order Entry in all ICUs J. ALI and A. VUYLSTEKE 865 Quality of Life in Locked-in Syndrome Survivors M.-A. BRUNO, E PELLAS, and S. LAUREYS 881 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Intensive Care Unit Survivors J. GRIFFITHS, A.M. HULL, and B.H. CUTHBERTSON 891 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .