Prebiotics and probiotics science and technology

1 Using Probiotics and Prebiotics to Manage the Gastrointestinal Tract Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Randal Buddington 2 Molecular Tools for Investigating the Gut Microbiota . . . . . . . . . 33 Christophe Lay 3 Post-Genomics Approaches towards Monitoring Changes within the Microbial Ecology of the Gut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Kieran M. Tuohy . Leticia Abecia . Eddie R. Deaville . Francesca Fava . Annett Klinder . Qing Shen 4 Designing Trials for Testing the Efficacy of Pre- Pro- and Synbiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Stephen Lewis . Charlotte Atkinson 5 Mechanisms of Prebiotic Impact on Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 H. Steed . S. Macfarlane 6 Fructan Prebiotics Derived from Inulin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Douwina Bosscher 7 Galacto-Oligosaccharide Prebiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 George Tzortzis . Jelena Vulevic # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009 8 Prebiotic Potential of Xylo-Oligosaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 H. Ma¨kela¨inen . M. Juntunen . O. Hasselwander 9 Resistant Starch and Starch-Derived Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 A. Adam-Perrot . L. Gutton . L. Sanders . S. Bouvier . C. Combe . R. Van Den Abbeele . S. Potter . A. W. C. Einerhand 10 Oligosaccharides Derived from Sucrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Pierre F. Monsan . Francois Ouarne´ 11 Prebiotic Potential of Polydextrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Julian D. Stowell 12 Prebiotics in Companion and Livestock Animal Nutrition . . . . . 353 Kathleen A. Barry . Brittany M. Vester . George C. Fahey, Jr. 13 Analysis of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 M. L. Sanz . A. I. Ruiz-Matute . N. Corzo . I. Martı´nez-Castro 14 Manufacture of Prebiotics from Biomass Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Patricia Gullo´n . Beatriz Gullo´n . Andre´s Moure . Jose´ Luis Alonso . Herminia Domı´nguez . Juan Carlos Parajo´ 15 Taxonomy of Probiotic Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 Giovanna E. Felis . Franco Dellaglio . Sandra Torriani Volume 2 Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 16 Ecological Interactions of Bacteria in the Human Gut . . . . . . . . 641 Gwen Falony . Luc De Vuyst xii Table of Contents 17 Genomics of Probiotic Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 Sarah O’Flaherty . Yong Jun Goh . Todd R. Klaenhammer 18 Manufacture of Probiotic Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 J. A. Muller . R. P. Ross . G. F. Fitzgerald . C. Stanton 19 Some Technological Challenges in the Addition of Probiotic Bacteria to Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 Claude P. Champagne 20 Micro-Encapsulation of Probiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Jean-Antoine Meiners 21 Probiotics and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 Christina M. Surawicz 22 Probiotics for Infectious Diarrhea and Traveler’s Diarrhea – What Do We Really Know? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 Patricia L. Hibberd 23 Immunological Effects of Probiotics and their Significance to Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 Harsharn S. Gill . Sunita Grover . Virender K. Batish . Preet Gill 24 Probiotics and Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949 Francisco Guarner 25 Probiotics and Allergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977 Seppo Salminen . Erika Isolauri 26 Potential Protective Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics Against Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 Philip Allsopp . Ian Rowland 27 Urogenital Applications of Probiotic Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049 Gregor Reid Table of Contents xiii 28 Prebiotics and Probiotics and Oral Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067 J. H. Meurman 29 Development of Mucosal Vaccines Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099 Luis G. Bermu´dez-Humara´n . Silvia Innocentin . Francois Lefe`vre . Jean-Marc Chatel . Philippe Langella 30 Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Livestock . . . . . . . . 1123 James W. Collins . Roberto M. La Ragione . Martin J. Woodward . Laura E. J. Searle 31 Safety Assessment of Probiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193 Sampo J. Lahtinen . Robert J. Boyle . Abelardo Margolles . Rafael Frias . Miguel Gueimonde Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237