Radiation acoustics

INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1. PENETRATING RADIATION: GENERAL INFORMATION 7 1. Elementary particles: Fundamental laws of the microscopic world 7 2. Absorption of penetrating radiation in a condensed medium 13 Chapter 2. BASIC MECHANISMS OF SOUND GENERATION BY PENETRATING RADIATION IN CONDENSED MEDIA 23 1. Mechanisms connected with heat release 23 2. Thermoradiation generation of sound 24 3. Initiation of microshock waves 28 4. Bubble mechanism 30 5. The Cherenkov mechanism 31 6. Striction mechanism of sound generation 33 7. Sound generation in the process of pulsed radiolysis 35 8. Dynamic mechanism 35 9. Other mechanisms of sound generation 38 Chapter 3. THERMORADIATION EXCITATION OF SOUND IN A HOMOGENEOUS LIQUID 39 1. Equation of thermoradiation generation of sound 39 2. Reciprocity theorem in acoustics – Solution technique for boundary problems 42 3. Excitation of monochromatic sound in a liquid half-space with a free surface – The case of undisturbed surface 47 4. A liquid half-space with large-scale roughness of boundary 52 5. The case of small unevenness 61 6. Efficiency of thermoradiation excitation of sound in a liquid – Some estimates 72 Chapter 4. THERMORADIATION EXCITATION OF SOUND IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM 75 1. Sound excitation in a liquid half-space in the presence of a layer of another liquid at its boundary 75 2. Generation of sound in a liquid adjoining a solid layer 88 3. Liquid half-space with an inhomogeneous surface layer 96 Chapter 5. EXCITATION OF SOUND IN A LIQUID BY RADIATION PULSES 105 1. Sound generation in a liquid by rectangular pulses of radiation 106 2. A liquid with rough surface 113 3. Radiation pulses of arbitrary shape 116 4. Near wave field of thermoradiation pulsed source of sound 124 5. Sound generation in a liquid with gas bubbles 130 Chapter 6. GENERATION OF SOUND IN SOLIDS BY INTENSITY-MODULATED PENETRATING RADIATION 137 1. Basic equations 137 2. Boundary conditions 139 3. Method for solution of boundary problems 141 4. Thermoradiation generation of sound in a solid half-space with a free boundary 147 5. Particular features of excitation of Rayleigh waves 151 6. Solid half-space with a liquid layer at its surface 156 7. Efficiency of thermoradiation generation of sound 160 8. Influence of particular features of absorption of penetrating radiation on sound generation 164 Chapter 7. PULSED THERMORADIATION SOURCES OF SOUND IN SOLIDS 169 1. Sound generation by radiation pulses in a solid half-space 169 2. Excitation of Rayleigh waves by radiation pulses 184 3. Sound generation in a solid half-space in the presence of a liquid layer at its surface 186 4. Efficiency of sound generation 191 5. Influence of particular features of absorption of penetrating radiation 193 6. Thermoradiation generation of sound by pulses of non-relativistic protons 195 Chapter 8. MOVING THERMORADIATION SOURCES OF SOUND 201 1. Sound generation by a moving thermoradiation pulsed source in a liquid 202 2. Sound excitation by a moving thermoradiation pulsed source in solids 213 Chapter 9. SOUND GENERATION BY SINGLE HIGH-ENERGY PARTICLES 227 1. Sound generation by a particle in infinite space 227 2. Sound excitation by single particles in a solid half-space 234 3. Particular features of excitation of Rayleigh waves 237 4. Efficiency of sound generation 238 Chapter 10. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THERMORADIATION EXCITATION OF SOUND 239 1. Laser thermooptical (thermoradiation) sources of harmonic sound oscillations in water 240 2. Sound excitation in water by laser pulses 248 3. Sound field excited by a sequence of laser pulses 252 4. Acoustic field of a moving laser thermoradiation source of sound in water 257 5. Laser thermooptical excitation of sound in solids – Excitation of surface waves 270 6. Sound excitation by X-rays (synchrotron radiation) in metals 281 7. Sound excitation by a proton beam 286 8. Excitation of acoustic waves in metals by electrons, positrons, and م-quanta 298 9. Sound generation by an electron beam in water 302 10. Sound excitation by a beam of ions in metals 306 Chapter 11. SOME APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION ACOUSTICS 309 1. Scanning radiation-acoustic microscopy and visualization 310 2. Scanning laser-acoustic microscopy 311 3. Scanning electron-acoustic microscopy 314 4. X-ray – acoustic scanning visualization 318 5. Ion-acoustic microscopy and visualization 321 6. Acoustic detection of super-high-energy particles in cosmic rays – The DUMAND project 325 7. Neutrino for geoacoustics – The GENIUS project 330 Conclusion 339 References 343 Addendum. ACOUSTOOPTICS OF PENETRATING RADIATION 359 1. Diffraction of X-rays and neutrons by ultrasound in crystals 360 2. Scanning acoustic tunneling microscopy 361 3. Interferometers using matter waves – Atom interferometers 362 SUBJECT INDEX 367