Eating disorders

List of Review Contributors xiii Preface xv CHAPTER 1 CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS AND COMORBIDITIES OF EATING DISORDERS 1 Classification, Diagnosis and Comorbidities of Eating Disorders: A Review 1 Katherine A. Halmi COMMENTARIES 1.1 Unresolved Issues in the Classification, Diagnosis and Comorbidity of Eating Disorders 34 Drew Westen 1.2 The Classification of Eating Disorders: How Many Categorical Distinctions is it Worth Making? 37 Peter J. Cooper 1.3 The Problem of Classification and Comorbidity: Relationship to Trauma and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 40 Timothy D. Brewerton 1.4 Getting to the Essence of Eating Disorders 44 Manfred M. Fichter 1.5 Capturing an Elusive Entity: Classification, Diagnosis and Comorbidities in Eating Disorders 46 Arnold E. Andersen 1.6 How Well Do We Understand Eating Disorders? 49 Suzanne Abraham 1.7 Validity of Categorical Distinctions for Eating Disorders: From Disorders to Symptoms 52 Pamela K. Keel 1.8 Eating Disorders: From Heterogeneous Disorders to Distinct Diseases? 55 Laura Bellodi 1.9 Eating Disorders—A Challenge for Clinicians and Scientists 58 Bodo Mu¨ ller ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.10 Do We Miss the Forest Because of the Trees? 61 David Clinton 1.11 Controversies in the Classification of Eating Disorders 64 David H. Gleaves 1.12 Clinical Experience with the Diagnosis and Treatment of Eating Disorders 66 Thomas Paul 1.13 Do Sociocultural Factors Influence the Comorbidity of Eating Disorders? 70 Hisato Matsunaga and Nobuo Kiriike 1.14 Eating Disorders: Syndromes with Still Poorly Defined Boundaries 72 Ange´lica M. Claudino and Miguel R. Jorge CHAPTER 2 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF EATING DISORDERS 75 Epidemiology and Cultural Aspects of Eating Disorders: A Review 75 Hans Wijbrand Hoek, Daphne van Hoeken and Melanie A. Katzman COMMENTARIES 2.1 Epidemiology of Eating Disorders: Issues of Measurement 105 Stephen Wonderlich 2.2 Problems in the Identification of Rare Disorders in a Transcultural Frame 108 Hans-Christoph Steinhausen 2.3 The Meaning of Numbers 110 L.K. George Hsu 2.4 Eating Pathology—A Continuum of Behaviours? 111 Adam Drewnowski 2.5 Culture as a Defining Aspect of the Epidemiology and Aetiology of Eating Disorders 114 D. Blake Woodside 2.6 Unpackaging ‘‘Cultures’’ in Eating Disorders 116 Sing Lee 2.7 Eating Disorders in Infancy: Epidemiology and Cultural Aspects 119 Sam Tyano and Miri Keren vi ___________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS 2.8 Treatment Referral and Atypical Eating Disorders: New Directions for Future Research 121 Paolo Santonastaso 2.9 Understanding the Epidemiology of Eating Disorders 123 Salvador Cervera, Miguel Angel Martı´nez-Gonza´lez and Francisca Lahortiga 2.10 The Epidemiology of Eating Disorders: Data from Japan 126 Yoshikatsu Nakai 2.11 Eating Disorders in the Age of Globalization 129 Maria Ange´lica Nunes, Andre´a Pinheiro and Ana Luiza Abuchaim 2.12 Eating Disorders in Developing Countries—Do We Need New Criteria? 131 Ahmed Okasha 2.13 The Search for Influences on Eating Disorders 134 Merry N. Miller 2.14 Cross-cultural Psychology and Epidemiology of Eating Disorders 137 Adrian Furnham CHAPTER 3 PHYSICAL COMPLICATIONS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ABERRATIONS IN EATING DISORDERS 139 Physical Complications and Physiological Aberrations in Eating Disorders: A Review 139 Francesca Brambilla and Palmiero Monteleone COMMENTARIES 3.1 Bringing the Soma into Psychosomatic Aspects of Eating Disorders 193 Janet Treasure 3.2 Medical Findings in Eating Disorders: Clinical Perspectives on Cause and Consequence 197 David C. Jimerson 3.3 Eating Disorders: Minimizing Medical Complications and Preventing Deaths 199 Walter Kaye 3.4 Clinical Impact of the Endocrine Alterations in Patients with Eating Disorders: Adaptation or Inappropriate Response? 201 Rene´ K. Støving, Kim Brixen and Claus Hagen CONTENTS _________________________________________________________________________________________ vii 3.5 So Much to Learn and So Little Time 204 Janice Russell 3.6 Medical Abnormalities in Eating Disorders 207 Yoshikatsu Nakai 3.7 Physiological Aberrations: Cause and Consequence? 209 Kelly L. Klump 3.8 Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa— Neuroendocrine Disturbances 212 Boguslawa Baranowska 3.9 The Consequences of Starvation 214 Reinhold G. Laessle 3.10 Biological Abnormalities in Eating Disorders 216 Josefina Castro 3.11 Towards an Understanding of the Biological Causes and Consequences of Eating Disorders 218 Gabriella F. Milos 3.12 A Special Situation of Malnutrition Triggering Organism Adaptive Changes 220 Ascensio´n Marcos CHAPTER 4 PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF EATING DISORDERS 223 Pharmacological Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review 223 Martina de Zwaan and James Roerig COMMENTARIES 4.1 Pharmacotherapy of Eating Disorders: Only a Few Conclusions Can be Drawn 286 James E. Mitchell 4.2 Pharmacotherapy for the Eating Disorders: A Clinical Perspective 288 Pierre Beaumont 4.3 Psychopharmacological Therapy of Disorders of Eating Behaviour: Past and Future 293 Francesca Brambilla 4.4 Pharmacological Treatment of Eating Disorders: Much Progress, Many Problems 297 B. Timothy Walsh 4.5 Medicating Disordered Eating: Moving Toward the Next Generation of Studies 299 Michael J. Devlin viii _________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS 4.6 Clinical Decision-making From a Spotty Evidence Base: Connecting the Dots in Eating Disorders Treatment 302 Joel Yager 4.7 New Treatments for People with Eating Disorders: Hope Renewed 304 Josue Bacaltchuk and Phillipa Hay 4.8 Is Psychopharmacological Treatment of Patients with Eating Disorders Necessary? 307 Cecilia Bergh 4.9 Evidence vs. Experience in Eating Disorders 309 Robert H. Belmaker 4.10 Pharmacotherapy for Eating Disorders: Beyond Serotonin? 310 Christopher Paul Szabo 4.11 New Trends in the Pharmacotherapy of Binge Eating Disorder 313 Jose´ Carlos Appolinario CHAPTER 5 PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR EATING DISORDERS 315 Psychological Interventions for Eating Disorders: A Review 315 G. Terence Wilson COMMENTARIES 5.1 As Many Questions As Answers: Evidence-based and Evidence-generating Practice 339 Glenn Waller 5.2 Mind Over Matter in the Eating Disorders 341 Regina C. Casper 5.3 Broadening the Evidence-based Net 344 Nicholas A. Troop 5.4 Seeing the Wood for the Trees 347 J. Hubert Lacey 5.5 Efficacy, Effectiveness and the Implementation of Evidence 350 Eric F. van Furth 5.6 Further Perspectives on Psychological Interventions for Eating Disorders 353 Denise E. Wilfley and Elizabeth Rieger CONTENTS __________________________________________________________________________________________ ix 5.7 Establishing the Evidence Base for Psychological Interventions for Eating Disorders 358 Adrienne Key 5.8 Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy in the Eating Disorders 361 Marilyn Lawrence 5.9 To Prove or Not to Prove? Limitations of Evidence-based Choice of Treatment in Eating Disorders 363 Michel Botbol 5.10 Different Psychotherapeutic Approaches: For What Reasons? 366 Philippe Jeammet and Nathalie Godart 5.11 Eating Disorders—Family Business or Not? 368 Eia Asen 5.12 Nothing is as Practical as a Good Theory 370 Anita Jansen 5.13 Great Expectations, Yet Anorexic Results 373 Ta´ki Athana´ssios Corda´s, Daniel Boleira Guimaraes and Cristiano Nabuco de Abreu 5.14 A Recipe for the Psychological Management of Eating Disorders 375 Stephen William Touyz 5.15 Psychological Interventions for Eating Disorders: Much Done, Much to be Done 378 Phillipa J. Hay and Josue Bacaltchuk CHAPTER 6 THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BURDEN OF EATING DISORDERS 383 The Economic and Social Burden of Eating Disorders: A Review 383 Scott J. Crow and Carol B. Peterson COMMENTARIES 6.1 A Spectrum of Costs 397 Niva Piran 6.2 Reducing the Multiple Burdens of Suffering: Accessing Care for Eating Disorders 400 Ruth H. Striegel-Moore and Debra Franko 6.3 Where Does the Burden Come From? 402 W. Stewart Agras x ___________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS 6.4 Economic Burden and the Eating Disorders 405 Paul Garfinkel 6.5 Eating Disorders: Time to Count the Cost 407 Arthur Crisp 6.6 The Hidden Burdens of Eating Disorders 410 Robert L. Palmer 6.7 Differential Treatments for Eating Disorders Might Reduce Social and Economic Burden 413 Maria Ra°stam and Christopher Gillberg 6.8 The Burdens of Eating Disorders are Rarely Recognized 415 Pauline S. Powers and Yvonne Bannon 6.9 Counting the Cost of Counting the Calories 418 Lois J. Surgenor 6.10 What About the Family Burden of Eating Disorders? 420 Angela Favaro 6.11 A Field with Important Issues Awaiting Investigation 422 Aris Liakos Index