Extended surface heat transfer

CONTENTS PREFACE xiv 1 CONVECTION WITH SIMPLIFIED CONSTRAINTS 1 1.1 Introduction / 1 1.2 Extended Surface Heat Transfer / 6 1.3 Longitudinal Fins / 10 1.4 Radial Fins / 25 1.5 Spines / 40 1.6 Nomenclature / 57 2 CONVECTION WITH REAL CONSTRAINTS 59 2.1 Introduction / 59 2.2 Fins with Tip Heat Loss / 60 2.3 Nonuniform Heat Transfer Coefficients / 81 2.4 Fins with Internal Heat Generation / 91 2.5 Polygonal Fins / 94 2.6 Closure / 99 2.7 Nomenclature / 99 3 CONVECTIVE OPTIMIZATIONS 102 3.1 Introduction / 102 3.2 Quest for the Optimum Profile / 105 3.3 Optimum Shapes of Longitudinal Fins / 109 vii viii CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 [-8], (2) Lines: 49 ——— -3.69983pt ——— Normal Page PgEnds: [-8], (2) 3.4 Optimum Shapes of Radial Fins / 117 3.5 Optimum Spine Dimensions / 132 3.6 Improved Analyses for Convecting Fins / 138 3.7 Closure / 157 3.8 Nomenclature / 158 4 CONVECTION COEFFICIENTS 160 4.1 Introduction / 160 4.2 Fluid Flow Considerations / 161 4.3 Heat Transfer Considerations / 171 4.4 Correlations for Forced Convection Heat Transfer / 172 4.5 Natural Convection / 190 4.6 Closure / 207 4.7 Nomenclature / 217 5 LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS 220 5.1 Introduction / 220 5.2 Limitations of Fin Efficiency / 221 5.3 Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile Revisited / 223 5.4 Linear Transformation / 226 5.5 Other Linear Transformations / 226 5.6 Summary of All Conversions / 234 5.7 Formal Development of the Linear Transformations / 234 5.8 Example of Finding the Parameters / 238 5.9 Input Admittance and the Thermal Transmission Ratio / 240 5.10 Nomenclature / 242 6 ELEMENTS OF LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS 244 6.1 Introduction / 244 6.2 Regular Fins and Spines / 245 6.3 Singular Fins and Spines / 290 6.4 The Single Series Resistance / 302 6.5 The Single Shunt Conductance / 304 6.6 Closure / 305 6.7 Nomenclature / 306 7 ALGORITHMS FOR FINNED ARRAY ASSEMBLY 308 7.1 Introduction / 308 CONTENTS ix 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 [-9], (3) Lines: 87 ——— -0.25989pt ——— Normal PgEnds: [-9], (3) 7.2 Algorithms for the Combination of Fins / 309 7.3 Cascade Algorithm and the Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient / 329 7.4 Nomenclature / 335 8 ADVANCED ARRAY METHODS AND ARRAY OPTIMIZATION 337 8.1 Introduction / 337 8.2 Multiple Heat Inputs / 338 8.3 Node Analysis of Finned Arrays / 342 8.4 General Analysis Method / 359 8.5 Optimization of Finned Arrays / 368 8.6 Optimum (Least Material) Arrays of Fins / 375 8.7 Optimum Natural-Convection Heat Sinks / 381 8.8 Nomenclature / 387 9 FINNED PASSAGES 390 9.1 Introduction / 390 9.2 Finned Passage / 391 9.3 Input Admittance and the Fin Efficiency / 391 9.4 Overall Passage Efficiency / 394 9.5 Single Stack / 394 9.6 Double Stack / 408 9.7 n-Stack / 426 9.8 Closure / 441 9.9 Nomenclature / 441 10 COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS 443 10.1 Introduction / 443 10.2 Heat Transfer and Flow Friction Data / 455 10.3
–Ntu Method / 457 10.4 Design of a Compact Heat Exchanger / 473 10.5 Nomenclature / 486 11 LONGITUDINAL FIN DOUBLE-PIPE EXCHANGERS 489 11.1 Introduction / 489 11.2 Plain Double-Pipe Exchanger / 489 11.3 Longitudinal Fin Double-Pipe Exchanger / 494 11.4 Heat Transfer Coefficients in Pipes and Annuli / 503 x CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 [-10], (4) Lines: 125 ——— 1.96016pt ——— Normal Page PgEnds: [-10], (4) 11.5 Pressure Loss in Pipes and Annuli / 507 11.6 Complete Design / 508 11.7 Series–Parallel Arrangements / 519 11.8 Multiple-Finned Double-Pipe Exchangers / 530 11.9 Closure / 538 11.10 Nomenclature / 538 12 TRANSVERSE HIGH-FIN EXCHANGERS 540 12.1 Introduction / 540 12.2 Bond or Contact Resistance of High-Fin Tubes / 542 12.3 Fin Efficiency Approximation / 549 12.4 Air-Fin Coolers / 551 12.5 Nomenclature / 569 13 FINS WITH RADIATION 572 13.1 Introduction / 572 13.2 Longitudinal Radiating Fin of Rectangular Profile / 577 13.3 Longitudinal Radiating Fins of Trapezoidal and Triangular Profile / 594 13.4 Use of the Cascade Algorithm / 602 13.5 Longitudinal Radiating Fin with Constant-Temperature Gradient / 605 13.6 Parabolic Radiating Profiles / 611 13.7 Radial Radiating Fins / 614 13.8 Closure / 633 13.9 Nomenclature / 633 14 OPTIMUM DESIGN OF RADIATING AND CONVECTING–RADIATING FINS 636 14.1 Introduction / 636 14.2 Optimum Dimensions of Longitudinal Radiating Fins / 636 14.3 Optimum Dimensions of Radiating Spines / 651 14.4 Improved Optimization Analyses for Radiating Fins / 657 14.5 Fin-to-Fin and Fin-to-Base Radiation Interchange / 681 14.6 Optimum Dimensions of Longitudinal Convecting–Radiating Fins / 686 14.7 Optimum Dimensions of Radial Radiating Fins / 690 14.8 Miscellaneous Studies / 695 14.9 Nomenclature / 696 CONTENTS xi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 [-11], (5) Lines: 158 ——— -1.18985pt ——— Normal PgEnds: [-11], (5) 15 MULTIDIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER IN FINS AND FIN ASSEMBLIES 699 15.1 Introduction / 699 15.2 Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile with Convection / 700 15.3 Convecting Longitudinal Fin of Triangular Profile / 717 15.4 Convecting Cylindrical Spine or Pin Fin / 721 15.5 Radial Rectangular Profile Convecting Fin / 725 15.6 Composite Fins / 731 15.7 Convecting Fin Assemblies / 734 15.8 Radiating and Convecting–Radiating Fins and Fin Assemblies / 743 15.9 Additional Studies / 750 15.10 Nomenclature / 751 16 TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER IN EXTENDED SURFACES 754 16.1 Introduction / 754 16.2 Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile / 754 16.3 Radial Convecting Fin / 774 16.4 Longitudinal Fins with Power Law Dissipation / 784 16.5 Longitudinal Convecting–Radiating Fins / 796 16.6 Two-Dimensional Effects and Transient Heat Flow / 799 16.7 Composite Fins / 805 16.8 Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient / 813 16.9 Miscellaneous Studies / 814 16.10 Closure / 816 16.11 Nomenclature / 816 17 PERIODIC HEAT FLOW IN FINS 819 17.1 Introduction / 819 17.2 Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile / 819 17.3 Radial Fin of Rectangular Profile / 839 17.4 Additional Studies / 841 17.5 Nomenclature / 842 18 BOILING FROM FINNED SURFACES 844 18.1 Introduction / 844 18.2 Evaporation / 849 xii CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 [Last Page] [-12], (6) Lines: 196 ——— 30.08012pt ——— Normal Page PgEnds: [-12], (6) 18.3 Boiling / 852 18.4 Performance of a Single Cylindrical Spine / 863 18.5 Optimum Dimensions for the Cylindrical Spine / 868 18.6 Minimum Mass Spine / 870 18.7 Extended Surfaces in Moist Air / 872 18.8 Nomenclature / 877 19 CONDENSATION ON FINNED SURFACES 880 19.1 Introduction / 880 19.2 Condensation on Single Fins / 884 19.3 Dehumidification of Air on Fins / 909 19.4 Horizontal Integral-Fin Tubes / 924 19.5 Internally Finned Tubes / 939 19.6 Microfin Tubes / 942 19.7 Nomenclature / 944 20 AUGMENTATION AND ADDITIONAL STUDIES 948 20.1 Augmentation / 948 20.2 Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment / 955 20.3 Heat Pipes / 959 20.4 Solar Collectors and Related Equipment / 959 20.5 Finned Regenerators / 960 20.6 Numerical Analyses / 960 20.7 Mathematical Techniques / 962 20.8 Turbine Blades / 964 20.9 Design Methods / 965 20.10 Freezing or Melting on the Fin Faces / 965 20.11 Heat and Mass Transfer / 965 20.12 Miscellaneous Citations / 966 20.13 Nomenclature / 969 APPENDIX A: GAMMA AND BESSEL FUNCTIONS 971 APPENDIX B: MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 1005 REFERENCES 1034 AUTHOR INDEX 1075 SUBJECT INDEX 1087