Encyclopedia of bioterrorism defense

Preface vii Contributors ix Acknowledgment xiii A Abu Sayyaf Group 1 Aerosol 4 Agricultural Bioterrorism 9 Aliens of America: A Case Study 16 Al-Qa‘ida 17 Animal Aid Association: A Case Study 22 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) 23 Anthrax Hoaxes: Case Studies and Discussion 29 Anti-Material Agents 32 Armed Islamic Group: A Case Study 35 Army of God 36 Army Technical Escort Unit 41 Assassinations 43 Aum Shinrikyo and the Aleph 45 B Baader-Meinhof Gang 51 Biological Simulants 53 Bioregulators 55 Biosecurity: Protecting High Consequence Pathogens and Toxins Against Theft and Diversion 57 Biotechnology and Bioterrorism 63 Bioterrorist Attack, Stages, and Aftermath 76 Botulinum Toxin 84 Breeders: A Case Study 86 Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) 87 C Camelpox 93 CDC Category C Agents 94 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Bioterrorism Preparedness Program 97 Central Intelligence Agency 104 Characteristics of Future Bioterrorists 107 Chechen Separatists 112 Christian Identity 114 Consequence Management 118 Cost-Effectiveness of Biological Weapons 122 Crisis Management 126 Cuba 130 D Dark Harvest 135 Dark Winter 136 Defense Threat Reduction Agency 141 Defense Research and Development Canada-Suffield 143 Delivery Methodologies 146 Department of Defense 150 Department of Health and Human Services 154 Department of Homeland Security 157 Department of Justice 160 Department of State 164 Detection of Biological Agents 167 Diane Thompson: A Case Study 176 Director of Central Intelligence Counterterrorist Center 177 DoD Policies on Force Health Protection: Medical Defense Against Biological Warfare Agents 180 Dual-Use Equipment and Technology 185 Dugway Proving Ground 187 E Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (Formerly Edgewood Arsenal), Aberdeen Proving Ground 191 Education for Biodefense 193 Environmental Protection Agency 195 Epidemiology in Bioterrorism 199 Equine Encephalitis, Venezuelen, and Related Alphaviruses 203 Ethnic Weapons 206 F Fatality Management 209 Federal Bureau of Investigation 211 Food and Beverage Sabotage 215 Food and Drug Administration 221 Food and Waterborne Pathogens 224 Fort Detrick and USAMRIID 228 G Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) 231 H HAMAS 243 Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses 246 Hizballah 250 v vi CONTENTS Homeland Defense 252 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 255 I Influenza 259 Intelligence Collection and Analysis 263 International Cooperation and Bioterrorism Preparedness 267 International Regulations and Agreements Pertaining to Bioterrorism 271 Iran 278 Iraq 282 Islam, Shi’a and Sunna 287 Islamism 296 Israel 299 J Joint Task Force Civil Support 303 K Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 307 Kurdistan 310 L Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism 313 Larry Wayne Harris 318 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 321 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 325 Libya 328 Los Alamos National Laboratory 331 M Marine Algal Toxins 337 Marine Corps Chemical and Biological Incident Response Force 344 Mau-Mau 346 Media and Bioterrorism 347 Metropolitan Medical Response System 350 Minnesota Patriots Council 353 Minutemen: Case Studies 354 Modeling the Public Health Response to Bioterrorism 356 N National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 361 NATO and Bioterrorism Defense 363 North American Militia 367 NORTHCOM (U.S. Northern Command) 369 O Office International des Epizooties: World Organization for Animal Health 373 Orange October: A Case Study 377 P Palestine Liberation Organization 379 Palestinian Islamic Jihad 381 Pharmaceutical Industry 383 Pine Bluff Arsenal 387 Plague (Yersinia pestis) 389 POLISARIO 393 Prevention and Treatment of Biological Weapons-Related Infection and Disease 395 Prion Diseases 402 Psychological and Social Sequelae of Bioterrorism 404 Public Health Preparedness in the United States 410 R Rajneeshees 415 Republic of Texas: A Case Study 418 Ricin and Abrin 420 RISE: A Case Study 423 Risk Assessment in Bioterrorism 424 S Sandia National Laboratories 429 Scientists, Societies, and Bioterrorism Defense in the United States 431 Smallpox 436 Staphylococcal Enterotoxins 445 Sudan, Republic of 447 Suicide Terrorism 450 Syndromic Surveillance 457 Syria 464 T Terrorist Group Identification 467 Threat Reduction in the Former Soviet Union 468 TOPOFF 476 TOPOFF 2 478 Toxins: Overview and General Principles 480 Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) 483 Typhus, Epidemic (Rickettsia prowazekii) 489 U United Kingdom: Bioterrorism Defense 493 United States Department of Agriculture 509 United States Legislation and Presidential Directives 512 W Water Supply: Vulnerability and Attack Specifics 525 Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams 528 Weather Underground: A Case Study 530 Index 533