Key experiments in practical developmental biology

SECTION I. GRAFTINGS 1. Two developmental gradients control head formation in hydra 4 H. R. BODE 2. Embryonic regulation and induction in sea urchin development 23 C. A. ETTENSOHN 3. The isthmic organizer and brain regionalization in chick embryos 37 D. ECHEVARR´IA and S. MART´INEZ SECTION II. SPECIFIC CHEMICAL REAGENTS 4. Chemotaxis of aggregating Dictyostelium cells 50 G. GERISCH and M. ECKE 5. Inhibition of signal transduction pathways prevents head regeneration in hydra 67 L. M. SALGADO 6. Retinoic acid during limb regeneration 77 M. MADEN viiSECTION III. BEAD IMPLANTATION 7. Experimental manipulations during limb development in avian embryos 85 Y. GA˜N ´ AN, J. RODR´I GUEZ-LEO´ N, and D. MAC´IAS 8. Induction of ectopic limb outgrowth in chick with FGF-8 99 ´ A. RAYA, C. RODR´IGUEZ ESTEBAN, and J. C. IZPISU´ A-BELMONTE SECTION IV. NUCLEIC ACID INJECTIONS 9. RNAi techniques applied to freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes) during regeneration 106 D. BUENO, R. ROMERO, and E. SAL´O 10. Microinjection of Xenopus embryos 117 R. J. GARRIOCK and P. A. KRIEG SECTION V. GENETIC ANALYSIS 11. Segmental specification in Drosophila melanogaster 127 L. DE NAVAS, M. SUZANNE, D. FORONDA, and E. SA´ NCHEZ-HERRERO 12. Genetic analysis of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ABC model of floral organ identity determination 143 J. L. RIECHMANN 13. Genetic analysis of vulva development in C. elegans 153 S. CANEVASCINI SECTION VI. CLONAL ANALYSIS 14. The role of the gene apterous in the development of the Drosophila wing 167 F. J. D´IAZ-BENJUMEA 15. Extramacrochaetae, an example of a gene required for control of limb size and cell differentiation during wing morphogenesis in Drosophila 178 A. BAONZA 16. Hedgehog transduction pathway is involved in pattern formation of Drosophila melanogaster tergites 190 M. MAR´I-BEFFA SECTION VII. IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION 17. Retinoic acid signalling controls anteroposterior patterning of the zebrafish hindbrain 205 G. BEGEMANN 18. Left–right asymmetry in the mouse 217 M. BLUM, A. SCHWEICKERT, and C. KARCHERSECTION VIII. TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS 19. Bicoid and Dorsal: Two transcription factor gradients that specify cell fates in the early Drosophila embryo 231 S. ROTH 20. Significance of the temporal modulation of Hox gene expression on segment morphology 255 J. CASTELLI-GAIR HOMBR´IA 21. The UAS/GAL4 system for tissue-specific analysis of EGFR gene function in Drosophila melanogaster 269 J. B. DUFFY and N. PERRIMON 22. Neurogenesis in Drosophila: A genetic approach 282 C. KLA¨MBT and H. VAESSIN 23. Role of the achaete-scute complex genes in the development of the adult peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster 296 S. SOTILLOS and S. CAMPUZANO SECTION IX. VERTEBRATE CLONING 24. The conservation of the genome and nuclear reprogramming in Xenopus 310 J. B. GURDON SECTION X. CELL CULTURE 25. In vitro culture and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells 316 A. ROLLETSCHEK, C. WIESE, and A. M. WOBUS SECTION XI. EVO–DEVO STUDIES 26. Microevolution between Drosophila species 330 N. SKAER and P. SIMPSON SECTION XII. COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING 27. Theories as a tool for understanding the complex network of molecular interactions 346 H. MEINHARDT Appendix 1. Abbreviations 355 Appendix 2. Suppliers