Dietary reference intakes : a risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Food and Nutrition Board.
- ناشر : Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 1998
- شابک / ISBN : 9780585057699
Description
Introduction 1 What are Dietary Reference Intakes? 2 Recommended Dietary Allowance 3 Adequate Intake 4 Tolerable Upper Intake Level 4 Approach for Setting Dietary Reference Intakes, Including Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 5 Terminology 5 Concept 6 Model for the Derivation of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 6 Risk Assessment and Food Safety 7 Basic Concepts 7 Steps in the Risk Assessment Process 8 Thresholds 9 Application of the Risk Assessment Model to Nutrients 10 Special Problems Associated with Substances Required for Human Nutrition 11 Consideration of Variability in Sensitivity 12 Bioavailability 13 Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions 13 Other Relevant Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Nutri- ents 14 Steps in the Development of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level 14 Step 1. Hazard Identification 14 Step 2. Dose-Response Assessment 17 Derivation of ULs: Summary of Progress to Date 20 Derivation of UFs 20 Derivation of a UL 21 Derivation of a UL for Other Groups 21 References 24 Appendixes A Recommended Dietary Intakes for Individuals 27 B Options for Dealing with Uncertainties 31 C Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults 35 D Case Studies of Application of Risk Assessment Model for Nutrients 37 A. Calcium 37 B. Folate 51 C. Riboflavin 64 E Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients 67
Introduction 1 What are Dietary Reference Intakes? 2 Recommended Dietary Allowance 3 Adequate Intake 4 Tolerable Upper Intake Level 4 Approach for Setting Dietary Reference Intakes, Including Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 5 Terminology 5 Concept 6 Model for the Derivation of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 6 Risk Assessment and Food Safety 7 Basic Concepts 7 Steps in the Risk Assessment Process 8 Thresholds 9 Application of the Risk Assessment Model to Nutrients 10 Special Problems Associated with Substances Required for Human Nutrition 11 Consideration of Variability in Sensitivity 12 Bioavailability 13 Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions 13 Other Relevant Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Nutri- ents 14 Steps in the Development of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level 14 Step 1. Hazard Identification 14 Step 2. Dose-Response Assessment 17 Derivation of ULs: Summary of Progress to Date 20 Derivation of UFs 20 Derivation of a UL 21 Derivation of a UL for Other Groups 21 References 24 Appendixes A Recommended Dietary Intakes for Individuals 27 B Options for Dealing with Uncertainties 31 C Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults 35 D Case Studies of Application of Risk Assessment Model for Nutrients 37 A. Calcium 37 B. Folate 51 C. Riboflavin 64 E Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients 67
