Building control systems : CIBSE guide H

Foreword v Preface vii Acknowledgements viii 1 Introduction: the need for controls 1-1 1.1 Overview of the Guide 1-1 1.2 The modern control system 1-2 1.3 The global environment 1-2 1.4 The indoor environment 1-3 1.5 Energy conservation 1-3 1.6 Information technology and systems integration 1-4 1.7 Building operation 1-5 1.8 The benefits of a BMS 1-5 1.9 Summary 1-6 References 1-6 2 Control fundamentals 2-1 2.0 General 2-1 2.1 Control modes 2-1 2.2 Optimum start 2-7 2.3 Weather compensation 2-8 2.4 Stability and tuning 2-9 2.5 Artificial intelligence 2-13 2.6 Summary 2-14 References 2-14 3 Components and devices 3-1 3.1 Sensors 3-1 3.2 Actuators 3-7 3.3 Valves 3-8 3.4 Dampers 3-17 3.5 Motors 3-20 3.6 Pumps and fans 3-23 3.7 Control panels and motor control centres 3-23 3.8 The intelligent outstation 3-24 3.9 Summary 3-26 References 3-26 4 Systems, networks and integration 4-1 4.0 General 4-1 4.1 BMS architecture 4-1 4.2 Networks 4-5 4.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 4-12 4.4 Systems integration 4-15 4.5 User interface 4-17 4.6 Summary 4-18 References 4-19 5 Control strategies for subsystems 5-1 5.1 Safety 5-1 5.2 Boilers 5-3 5.3 Chillers 5-7 5.4 Control of hydraulic circuits 5-14 5.5 Central air handling plant 5-28 5.6 Energy recovery 5-32 5.7 Mechanical ventilation 5-34 5.8 Variable air volume 5-41 5.9 Constant-volume room terminal units 5-46 5.10 Fan coil units 5-46 5.11 Dual duct systems 5-48 5.12 Chilled ceilings 5-49 5.13 Heat pumps 5-51 5.14 Natural ventilation 5-53 5.15 Lighting controls 5-56 5.16 Summary 5-61 References 5-62 6 Control strategies for buildings 6-1 6.0 General 6-1 6.1 Operating modes 6-1 6.2 Design techniques 6-2 6.3 Whole-building HVAC systems 6-4 6.4 Case studies 6-7 6.5 Summary 6-10 References 6-10 7 Information technology 7-1 7.1 Energy monitoring 7-1 7.2 Fault reports and maintenance scheduling 7-6 7.3 Summary 7-7 References 7-7 8 Management issues 8-1 8.1 Procurement options 8-1 8.2 Design and specification of a controls system 8-4 8.3 Tendering process 8-7 8.4 Commissioning 8-8 8.5 Operation 8-13 8.6 Occupant surveys 8-14 8.7 Cost issues 8-15 8.8 Summary 8-16 References 8-17 Appendix A1: Bibliography A1-1 Appendix A2: Tuning rules A2-1 A2.1 The PID control loop A2-1 A2.2 Digital control A2-1 A2.3 Tuning A2-2 A2.4 Step-by-step tuning procedure A2-3 Appendix A3: Glossary A3-1