Green profits : the manager's handbook for ISO 14001 and pollution prevention

CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations ROAD MAP TO PART I: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CHAPTER 1. EMS" PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS The Basics of an EMS: What Is It, and Why Do It What the ISO 14001 Standard Is All About Essential Elements of the ISO 14001 EMS One More Time Questions for Thinking and Discussing vii ~176176 xm xiv 4 4 7 12 15 16 CHAPTER 2. EMS: APPLIED MODELS 18 ISO 14001 and Implementation Overview 18 Environmental Policy (Clause 4.2) 22 Planning: Environmental Aspects (Subclause 4.3.1) 29 Planning: Legal and Other Requirements (Subclause 4.3.2) 36 Planning: Objectives and Targets (Subclause 4.3.3) 37 Planning: Environmental Management Programs (Subclause 4.3.4) 45 Implementation and Operation: Structure and Responsibility (Subclause 4.4.1) 50 Implementation and Operation" Training, Awareness, and Competence (Subclause 4.4.2) 54 Implementation and Operation: Communication (Subclause 4.4.3) 58 Implementation and Operation: EMS Documentation (Subclause 4.4.4) 60 Implementation and Operation: Document Control (Subclause 4.4.5) 63 Implementation and Operation: Operational Control (Subclause 4.4.6) 66 Implementation and Operation: Emergency Preparedness and Response (Subclause 4.4.7) 69 Checking and Corrective Action: Monitoring and Measurement (Subclause 4.5.1) 71 Checking and Corrective Action: Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventative Action (Subclause 4.5.2) 75 iii Checking and Corrective Action: Records (Subclause 4.5.3) Checking and Corrective Action: EMS Audit (Subclause 4.5.4) Management Review (Clause 4.6) One More Time Two Exercises Questions for Thinking and Discussing CHAPTER 3. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Using this Chapter Before Policy Environmental Policy (Clause 4.2) Planning: Environmental Aspects (Subclause 4.3.1) Planning: Legal and Other Requirements (Subclause 4.3.2) Planning: Objectives and Targets (Subclause 4.3.3) Planning: Environmental Management Programs (Subclause 4.3.4) Implementation and Operation: Structure and Responsibility (Subclause 4.4.1) Implementation and Operation: Training, Awareness, and Competence (Subclause 4.4.2) Implementation and Operation: Communication (Subclause 4.4.3) Implementation and Operation: EMS Documentation (Subclause 4.4.4) Implementation and Operation: Document Control (Subclause 4.4.5) Implementation and Operation: Operational Control (Subclause 4.4.6) Implementation and Operation: Emergency Preparedness and Response (Subclause 4.4.7) Checking and Corrective Action: Monitoring and Measurement (Subclause 4.5.1) Checking and Corrective Action: Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventative Action (Subclause 4.5.2) Checking and Corrective Action: Records (Subclause 4.5.3) Checking and Corrective Action: EMS Audit (Subclause 4.5.4) Management Review (Clause 4.6) One More Time Exercises Questions for Thinking and Discussing CHAPTER 4. EMS" FIRST STEPS The Benefits of an EMS Initial Environmental Review (IER) and Gap Analysis EMS Lite One More Time Exercises 79 81 87 92 93 99 101 101 103 105 109 118 119 124 126 128 131 135 141 146 148 149 153 156 157 171 172 173 173 175 175 177 185 191 193 iv ROAD MAP TO PART II: POLLUTION PREVENTION 194 CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION PREVENTION: PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS 196 The Basics of P2: What Is It, and Why Do It 196 What Pollution Prevention is All About 199 Essential Elements of Pollution Prevention 202 What About Material Waste and Energy? 205 How are P2 and EMS Related? 209 One More Time 210 Questions for Thinking and Discussing 211 CHAPTER 6. INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC POLLUTION PREVENTION PRACTICES Defining P2 One More Time Hierarchy of Pollution Management Why and How Is P2 Done? The P2 Benefits Matrix Industry Specific Guidelines and Practices Questions for Thinking and Discussing CHAPTER 7. THE POLLUTION PREVENTION AUDIT Introduction The Pre-assessment (Phase I) The In-plant Assessment (Part 1 of Phase II) Working with Material Balances The In-plant Assessment (Part 2 of Phase II) Synthesis, Benchmarking, and Corrective Actions (Phase III) One More Time A Summary of All the Steps Questions for Thinking and Discussing CHAPTER 8. FINANCIAL PLANNING TOOLS Introduction Total Cost and Cost Accounting Establishing Baseline Costs Revenues, Expenses, and Cash Flow Interest and Discount Rates Income Taxes Application of Total-Cost Assessment 213 213 214 215 229 233 258 259 259 262 273 286 300 304 317 318 319 321 321 321 326 331 336 337 339 The Life-Cycle Analysis Final Comments Glossary of Important Terms Appendix A: ADDITIONAL ISO 14001 AND POLLUTION PREVENTION RESOURCES Index to Tables Subject Index 347 356 360 362 371 375