The management of safety : the behavioural approach to changing organizations

CONTENTS Preface v 1 The Need for Change 1 The high cost of ineffective safety management 2 A need to reduce the level of accidents 3 Learning from the past - a flawed strategy! 4 A fatal inversion - organizations continue to reward the wrong behaviour! 9 Moving from a traditional approach to a behavioural approach to continuous safety improvement 10 The behavioural approach: basic principles 17 2 Personality, Attitudes and Climate 20 Attribution theory 20 Safety and personality 22 Safety attitudes 23 Safety clima te and culture 34 Perception of risk 36 3 Behaviour and its Consequences: The Theory of the Behaviour-based Approach 42 Reinforcement schedules 44 Punishment 45 Timing of consequences 47 Some applications of reinforcement theory 48 The application of behavioural techniques to safety 50 Goals and feedback 55 4 The Behaviour-based Approach in Practice: First Experiences and Development of the Model 58 Client perceptions and experience of the implementation of the approach 58 Developing the model: lessons from experience 72 5 Applying the Behavioural Approach to Safety 87 Initial briefings 88 Measuring the safety culture 88 The initial project 89 Staff briefings 89 Analysis of safety records and initial checklists 90 Training for supervisors and line managers 91 This SAGE ebook is copyright and is supplied by NetLibrary. Unauthorised distribution forbidden. iv CONTENTS The role of the observer 9 1 The checklist and the safety performance measure 96 Establishing the baseline and the baseline review meeting 97 Goal-setting 97 The intervention period and the feedback process 98 Developing continuous safety improvement 99 6 Managing the Change 100 Theories of organizational change 101 Theory into practice 1 1 1 Relationships i n change management 1 13 7 Beyond Safety: Wider Applications of the Behavioural Approach 1 1 9 A behaviour-based approach to continuous quality improvement 1 19 Other applications of the OBMod approach 132 Personal applications of the behavioural approach 1 38 The behavioural approach applied to meetings 140 Conclusion 142 Appendix A Outline Programme for the Observer Training Course 143 Appendix B A Semi-structured Interview Schedule with Some Question Examples 145 References 147 Index 150