Physiology cases and problems

Preface ix Acknowledgments Xl 1 Cellular and Autonomic Physiology 1 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case? Case 8 Permeability and Simple Diffusion 2 Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure, and Osmosis 7 Nernst Equation and Equilibrium Potentials 15 Primary Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis 22 Epidural Anesthesia: Effect of Lidocaine on Nerve Action Potentials 28 Myasthenia Gravis: Neuromuscular Transmission 32 Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines 36 Shy-Drager Syndrome: Central Autonomic Failure 43 2 Cardiovascular Physiology 49 Case 9 Case 10 Case 11 Case 12 Case 13 Case 14 Case 15 Case 16 Case 17 Essential Cardiovascular Calculations 50 Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loops 59 Responses to Changes in Posture 66 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise 71 Renovascular Hypertension: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 78 Hypovolemic Shock: Regulation of Blood Pressure 83 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Right Ventricular Failure 91 Myocardial Infarction: Left Ventricular Failure 98 Atrioventricular Conduction Block 104 3 Respiratory Physiology 109 Case 18 Case 19 Case 20 Case 21 Case 22 Case 23 Case 24 Essential Respiratory Calculations: Lung Volumes, Dead Space, and Alveolar Ventilation 110 Essential Respiratory Calculations: Gases and Gas Exchange 117 Ascent to High Altitude 123 Asthma: Obstructive Lung Disease 128 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 139 Interstitial Fibrosis: Restrictive Lung Disease 147 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 155 4 Renal and Acid-Base Physiology Case 25 Essential Calculations in Renal Physiology 160 Case 26 Essential Calculations in Acid-Base Physiology 169 Case 27 Glucosuria: Diabetes Mellitus 176 Case 28 Hyperaldosteronism: Conn's Syndrome 184 159 vii viii CONTENTS Case 29 Case 30 Case 31 Case 32 Case 33 Case 34 Case 35 Central Diabetes Insipidus 192 Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH 200 Metabolic Acidosis: Diabetic Ketoacidosis 204 Metabolic Acidosis: Diarrhea 212 Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting 218 Respiratory Acidosis: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 225 Respiratory Alkalosis: Hysterical HypeNentilation 229 5 Gastrointestinal Physiology 233 Case 36 Case 37 Case 38 Case 39 Malabsorption of Carbohydrates: Lactose Intolerance 234 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 239 Secretory Diarrhea: Escherichia coli Infection 246 Bile Acid Deficiency: Ileal Resection 252 G Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology 259 Case 40 Case 41 Case 42 Case 43 Case 44 Case 45 Case 46 Case 47 Case 48 Case 49 Case 50 Galactorrhea and Amenorrhea: Prolactinoma 260 Hyperthyroidism: Graves' Disease 265 Hypothyroidism: Autoimmune Thyroiditis 273 Adrenocortical Excess: Cushing's Syndrome 279 Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Addison's Disease 286 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 21 ~-Hydroxylase Deficiency 291 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 297 Hypercalcemia of Malignancy 303 Hyperglycemia: Type I Diabetes Mellitus 309 Primary Amenorrhea: Testicular Feminizing Syndrome 315 Male Hypogonadism: Kallmann's Syndrome 319 Appendix 32:3 Index 325