Grzimek's Animal life encyclopedia. Volume 5, Fishes, II

Foreword ........................................................................... viii How to use this book ....................................................... xi Advisory boards.................................................................. xiv Contributing writers .......................................................... xvi Contributing illustrators....................................................xviii Volume 4: Fishes I What is a fish? ................................................................... 3 Evolution and systematics ................................................. 9 Structure and function....................................................... 14 Life history and reproduction ........................................... 29 Freshwater ecology ............................................................ 36 Marine ecology .................................................................. 42 Distribution and biogeography ......................................... 52 Behavior.............................................................................. 60 Fishes and humans............................................................. 72 Order MYXINIFORMES Hagfishes ............................................................................ 77 Order PETROMYZONIFORMES Lampreys............................................................................ 83 Order CHIMAERIFORMES Chimaeras........................................................................... 91 Order HETERODONTIFORMES Horn or bullhead sharks.................................................... 97 Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES Carpet sharks...................................................................... 105 Order CARCHARHINIFORMES Ground sharks.................................................................... 113 Order LAMNIFORMES Mackerel sharks.................................................................. 131 Order HEXANCHIFORMES Six- and sevengill sharks.................................................... 143 Order SQUALIFORMES Dogfish sharks.................................................................... 151 Order SQUATINIFORMES Angelsharks ........................................................................ 161 Order PRISTIOPHORIFORMES Sawsharks............................................................................ 167 Order RAJIFORMES Skates and rays ................................................................... 173 Order COELACANTHIFORMES Coelacanths ........................................................................ 189 Order CERATODONTIFORMES Australian lungfish ............................................................. 197 Order LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES Lungfishes .......................................................................... 201 Order POLYPTERIFORMES Bichirs................................................................................. 209 Order ACIPENSERIFORMES Sturgeons and paddlefishes ............................................... 213 Order LEPISOSTEIFORMES Gars .................................................................................... 221 Order AMIIFORMES Bowfins ............................................................................... 229 Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Bony tongues and relatives................................................ 231 Order ELOPIFORMES Ladyfish and tarpon........................................................... 243 Order ALBULIFORMES Bonefishes and relatives..................................................... 249 Order ANGUILLIFORMES Eels and morays ................................................................. 255 Order SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES Swallowers and gulpers...................................................... 271 Order CLUPEIFORMES Herrings ............................................................................. 277 Order GONORYNCHIFORMES Milkfish and relatives......................................................... 289 Order CYPRINIFORMES I: Minnows and carps ........................................................ 297 II: Loaches and relatives.................................................... 321 Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia v Dragonets and relatives .............................................. 365 Suborder GOBIOIDEI Gobies.......................................................................... 373 Suborder ACANTHUROIDEI Surgeonfishes and relatives......................................... 391 Suborder SCOMBROIDEI Barracudas, tunas, marlins, and relatives ................... 405 Suborder STROMATEOIDEI Butterfishes and relatives ............................................ 421 Suborder ANABANTOIDEI Labyrinth fishes........................................................... 427 Suborder CHANNOIDEI Snakeheads .................................................................. 437 Order PLEURONECTIFORMES Flatfishes............................................................................. 449 Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Pufferfishes, triggerfishes, and relatives............................ 467 For further reading ............................................................ 487 Organizations ..................................................................... 492 Contributors to the first edition ....................................... 494 Glossary.............................................................................. 501 Fishes family list ................................................................ 506 Geologic time scale............................................................ 510 Index ...................................................................................