HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in Central Asia : country profiles

Abstract v Acknowledgments vii Acronyms ix Main Issues 1 Recommendations 11 Recommendations for Immediate Action 11 Recommendations for Additional Studies 13 1. HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Globally 15 2. HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 17 3. The Bank’s Role on HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Central Asia 23 4. Country Profile: Kazakhstan 25 HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profile 26 Tuberculosis Epidemiological Profile 32 5. Country Profile: Kyrgyz Republic 39 HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profile 40 Tuberculosis Epidemiological Profile 46 6. Country Profile: Tajikistan 51 HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profile 52 Tuberculosis Epidemiological Profile 55 7. Country Profile: Turkmenistan 61 HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profile 62 Tuberculosis Epidemiological Profile 65 8. Country Profile: Uzbekistan 69 HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profile 70 Tuberculosis Epidemiological Profile 75 9. Conclusion 81 References 83 TABLES Table 1 Rate of Growth of HIV Epidemic in Central Asia 2 Table 2 The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Central Asia 2 Table 3 Newly Diagnosed HIV Infections in Central Asia 3 Table 4 TB Case Notification Rates (%) in Central Asia 6 Table 5 Population Coverage with DOTS 7 Table 6 Treatment Success 7 Table 7 HIV/AIDS and TB Worldwide in 2000 16 Table 8 HIV/AIDS in Kazakhstan 27 Table 9 Prison Populations, Facilities, and HIV Prevalence in Kazakhstan 28 Table 10 Tuberculosis Rates, Kazakhstan 33 Table 11 Tuberculosis in Prisons, Kazakhstan 33 Table 12 TB Prevalence Rates by Oblast 33 Table 13 Multiple-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Surveillance (%), Kazakhstan 34 Table 14 TB Service Provision, Kazakhstan 35 Table 15 HIV/AIDS, Kyrgyz Republic 41 Table 16 Tuberculosis Rates, Krygyz 46 Table 17 TB in Prisons in the Kyrgyz Republic 47 Table 18 Reported TB cases, Kyrgyz Republic 48 Table 19 TB Services in the Kyrgyz Republic 49 Table 20 Partner Activities, Kyrgyz Republic 50 Table 21 Newly-diagnosed HIV Infections, Tajikistan 53 Table 22 Tuberculosis in Tajikistan 55 Table 23 TB Reporting Rate in Tajik Oblasts 56 Table 24 Partner Activity on TB Prevention and Control in Tajikistan 59 Table 25 Reported Tuberculosis Incidence and Mortality Rates in Turkmenistan 65 Table 26 TB in Turkmen Regions 66 Table 27 TB Treatment Success Rates, Dashoguz DOTS Pilot Project 66 Table 28 HIV/AIDS in Uzbekistan 71 Table 29 Tuberculosis Detection, Cases, Incidence, and Mortality in Uzbekistan 75 Table 30 Multiple Drug Resistant TB (%) in Uzbekistan 76 Table 31 Success Rates for TB Treatment, Karakalpakstan DOTS Pilot Area 77 Table 32 Treatment Outcomes for New Smear-Positive Cases Treated Under DOTS in Uzbekistan 77 Table 33 NGO and Partner Activity on TB in Uzbekistan 78 FIGURES Figure 1 Standardized TB Death Rates in Central Asia 1991–2000 21 Figure 2 TB Notification Rate (All Cases) in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region, 1980–2000 22 Figure 3 HIV: New Cases in Kazakhstan 26 Figure 4 HIV: New Cases in Kyrgyz Republic 40 Figure 5 HIV: New Cases in Tajikistan 52 Figure 6 HIV: New Cases in Uzbekistan 70