Colloidal silica : fundamentals and applications, v. 131.

Chapter 1 Colloid Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 2 The Language of Colloid Science and Silica Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 3 Colloid Chemistry of Silica: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 4 Silicic Acids and Colloidal Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Horacio E. Bergna Part 1 Preparation of Sols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Bruce A. Keiser Chapter 5 Science and Art of the Formation of Uniform Solid Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Egon Matijevic´ Chapter 6 Silica Nucleation, Polymerization, and Growth Preparation of Monodispersed Sols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Akitoshi Yoshida Chapter 7 The Formation and Interfacial Structure of Silica Sols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 John D.F. Ramsay, Stephen W. Swanton, Akihiko Matsumoto, and Dhanesh G.C. Goberdhan Chapter 8 Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Model Particles Made from Organoalkoxysilanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 A. van Blaaderen and A. Vrij Chapter 9 Synthesis of Nanometer-Sized Silica by Controlled Hydrolysis in Reverse Micellar Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 F.J. Arriagada and K. Osseo-Asare Chapter 10 Formation of Silica Gels Composed of Micrometer-Sized Particles by the Sol–Gel Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Hiromitsu Kozuka and Sumio Sakka © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Chapter 11 Silica Aquasol Process to Prepare Small Particle Size Colloidal Silica by Electrodialysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 12 Manufacturing and Applications of Water-Borne Colloidal Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 William O. Roberts Chapter 13 Enterosorbent Silics: Properties and Clinical Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 A.A. Chuiko, A.A. Pentyuk, and V.K. Pogorelyi Chapter 14 Industrial Synthetic Silicas in Powder Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Horst K. Ferch Chapter 15 High Ratio Silicate Foundry Sand Binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 16 Spray Dried Silica for Chromatography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 17 Preparation of Monodisperse Ultrafine Hybrid Silica Particles by Polymer Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 K. Yoshinaga, J. Shimada, and T. Kobayashi Chapter 18 Monodisperse Core-Shell Silica Colloids from Alkoxysilanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Alfons van Blaaderen Chapter 19 Preparation of Silica Solid Microspheres by Hydrolysis of Tetraethyl Ortho Silicate (TEOS) and Silica Porous Microspheres by Spray Drying Aggregated Colloidal Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Horacio E. Bergna Part 2 Stability of Sols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 F. Dumont Chapter 20 Stability of Aqueous Silica Sols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Thomas W. Healy Chapter 21 Stabilization Against Particle Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Paul C. Yates © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Part 3 Surface Chemistry of Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Michael L. Hair Chapter 22 The Surface Chemistry of Silica — The Zhuravlev Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 L.T. Zhuravlev Chapter 23 Surface Structure of Amorphous and Crystalline Porous Silicas: Status and Prospects . . . . . . . . 267 K.K. Unger Chapter 24 Infrared Study of Chemical and H–D Exchange Probes for Silica Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 B.A. Morrow and A.J. McFarlan Chapter 25 Infrared Studies of Chemically Modified Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Barry A. Morrow and David T. Molapo Chapter 26 Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Silica Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 B. Humbert, C. Carteret, A. Burneau, and J.P. Gallas Chapter 27 Adsorption on Silica and Related Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 L.E. Cascarini de Torre and E.J. Bottani Chapter 28 Structure of Disperse Silica Surface and Electrostatic Aspects of Adsorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 A.A. Chuiko, V.V. Lobanov, and A.G. Grebenyuk Chapter 29 Variable-Temperature Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Amine Desorption from a Siliceous Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Donald E. Leyden and Kristina G. Proctor Chapter 30 Surveying the Silica Gel Surface with Excited States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 R. Krasnansky and J.K. Thomas Chapter 31 Surface Chemistry and Surface Energy of Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Alain M. Vidal and Euge`ne Papirer Chapter 32 Diffuse Reflectance FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Base Desorption from Thermally Treated Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Kristina G. Proctor, Sally J. Markway, Miguel Garcia, Cheryl A. Armstrong, and Chad P. Gonzales Chapter 33 Salient Features of Synthesis and Structure of Surface of Functionalized Polysiloxane Xerogels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Yu.L. Zub and A.A. Chuiko © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Chapter 34 Multinuclear NMR Studies of Silica Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Gary E. Maciel and I-Ssuer Chuang Chapter 35 Modified Silicas: Synthesis and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 A.A. Chuiko Chapter 36 Electric Surface Properties of Silica in Nonaqueous Electrolyte Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 A.N. Zhukov Chapter 37 Chemical Reactions at Fumed Silica Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Vladimir M. Gun’ko and A.A. Chuiko Chapter 38 Structural and Adsorptive Characteristics of Fumed Silicas in Different Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 Vladimir M. Gun’ko, V.I. Zarko, V.V. Turov, E.F. Voronin, I.F. Mironyuk, and A.A. Chuiko Chapter 39 Adsorption of Surfactants and Polymers on Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 P. Somasundaran and L. Zhang Part 4 Particle Size and Characterization Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Jonathan L. Bass Chapter 40 New Separation Methods for Characterizing the Size of Silica Sols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 J.J. Kirkland Chapter 41 Characterization of Colloidal and Particulate Silica by Field-Flow Fractionation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 J. Calvin Giddings, S. Kim Ratanathanawongs, Bhajendra N. Barman, Myeong Hee Moon, Guangyue Liu, Brenda L. Tjelta, and Marcia E. Hansen Chapter 42 Formation of Uniform Precipitates from Alkoxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 C.F. Zukoski, J.-L. Look, and G.H. Bogush Part 5 Silica Gels and Powders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 William A. Welsh Chapter 43 Synthetic Amorphous Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 U. Brinkmann, M. Ettlinger, D. Kerner, and R. Schmoll © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Chapter 44 Adsorptive Properties of Porous Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Martyn B. Kenny and Kenneth S.W. Sing Chapter 45 Silica Gels from Aqueous Silicate Solutions: Combined 29Si NMR and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Spectroscopic Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 Peter W.J.G. Wijnen, Theo P.M. Beelen, and Rutger A. van Santen Chapter 46 Interpretation of the Differences between the Pore Size Distributions of Silica Measured by Mercury Intrusion and Nitrogen Adsorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 A.R. Minihan, D.R. Ward, and W. Whitby Part 6 Sol–Gel Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 George W. Scherer Chapter 47 Sol–Gel Processing of Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 C. Jeffrey Brinker Chapter 48 The Chemistry of Hydrolysis and Condensation of Silica Sol–Gel Precursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 Bradley K. Coltrain and Larry W. Kelts Chapter 49 Chemistry and Properties of Porous, Organically Modified Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 Helmut Schmidt and Harald Bo¨ttner Chapter 50 Evaporation and Surface Tension Effects in Dip Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 Alan J. Hurd Part 7 Silica Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 Michael R. Baloga Chapter 51 Nanostructuring Metals and Semiconductors with Silica from Monolayers to Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 Luis M. Liz-Marzan and Paul Mulvaney Chapter 52 Surface Chemistry of Silica Coatings of Titania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 D. Neil Furlong Chapter 53 Dense Silica Coatings on Micro- and Nanoparticles by Deposition of Monosilicic Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 Horacio E. Bergna, Lawrence E. Firment, and Dennis G. Swartzfager © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Part 8 Uses of Colloidal Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 Robert E. Patterson and James S. Falcone, Jr. Chapter 54 Applications of Colloidal Silica: Past, Present, and Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 Charles C. Payne Chapter 55 The Uses of Soluble Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 James S. Falcone, Jr. Chapter 56 Attrition Resistant Catalysts, Catalyst Precursors and Catalyst Supports and Process for Preparing Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 57 Some Important, Fairly New Uses of Colloidal Silica/Silica Sol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 Jan-Erik Otterstedt and Peter Greenwood Chapter 58 Silicon–Aluminum Interactions and Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 J.D. Birchall Chapter 59 Silica in Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 James S. Falcone, Jr. Chapter 60 Preparation and Uses of Silica Gels and Precipitated Silicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 Robert E. Patterson Chapter 61 Foundry Mold or Core Compositions and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 62 Silica Supported Catalysts and Method of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 63 Molded Amorphous Silica Bodies and Molding Powders for Manufacture of Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 Horacio E. Bergna and Frank A. Simko, Jr. Chapter 64 High Ratio Silicate Foundry Sand Binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 Horacio E. Bergna Part 9 NMR of Silica Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 Chapter 65 On the Silica Edge: An NMR Point of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 A.P. Legrand, H. Hommel, and J.B. d’Espinose de la Caillerie © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Part 10 Research in Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 66 Colloid Chemistry of Silica: Research in the Former Soviet Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 L.T. Zhuravlev Part 11 Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 Horacio E. Bergna Chapter 67 Integrated Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891