Laser safety management

OVERVIEW Traditional Laser Safety Life Cycle Additional Life Cycle Elements Classification Responsibilities Probabilistic Risk Assessment BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS: WHY WE CARE ABOUT LASER EXPOSURE Introduction The Eye Signs of Eye Exposure Damage Mechanisms Laser Radiation Effects on Skin Tissue Optics THE LASER SAFETY OFFICER: THE KEY TO LASER SAFETY The effective LSO Gets Out and Walks Laser Use Space Laser Safety Committee Inventory Training Signs Warning Lights Audits STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES: A BINDING SAFETY CONTRACT Introduction SOP Flow Sample Format Follow-Up to the SOP Laser Control Boilerplates Sample Laser SOP1 Laser and Laser System SOP Guidelines PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR LASER SAFETY AND TRAPS TO AVOID Introduction The Laser Safety "Tool Box" Wish List Transition Zone Between the LSO and Laser System Users Laser Safety Traps THE LASER-SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Introduction Benefits of the Laser-Safety Management Program File Structure Institutional Binder Sections Institutional Binders Sample Forms LASER SAFETY TRAINING User Training Awareness Training On-the-Job Safety Training Exploring Training Options New Training Suggestion: A Laser Lessons Learned Class Refresher Training Laser Quizzes The Training Matrix Laser Pointer Awareness PERSONNEL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Introduction Full Attenuation Visual Light Transmission Comfort and Fit Damage Threshold Considerations Prescriptions Sensor Card Use Weight Labeling Ultrafast Lasers Additional Considerations Partial Attenuation (Alignment Eyewear) Additional PPE LASER ACCIDENTS Introduction Alignment Activities Failure to Wear Protective Eyewear Electrical Hazards Overlooked Additional Hazards and Solutions Improper Restoration of Lasers after Servicing Lack of Planning Wearing the Wrong Eyewear and Improper Fit Fatigue and Stress Workplace Culture To Whom Are These Accidents Happening? The Perceived Incident Accident Investigation Written Report: Not Finished Until the Paperwork Is Done Why Should Recommendations Be Made? What Should Be Done if the Investigation Reveals Human Error? Not Every Laser Accident Involves an Eye or Skin Injury Typical Laser Pointer Incidents Guidance for Laser Pointer Use Examples of Laser Accidents Laser Accident Action Plan Medical Facility Can Laser Accidents Be Prevented? AN EXPLANATION OF CONTROL MEASURES Administrative Controls For the Institution Research Lab Administrative Controls Engineering Controls Engineering Control Measures U.S. AND EUROPEAN REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS Introduction User Regulations State Regulations User Standards Manufacturer Regulations British Regulations and Standards LASER SAFETY CALCULATIONS Introduction Converting between Irradiance and Radiant Exposure Optical Density Choosing Exposure Duration Times NONBEAM HAZARDS Introduction Electrical Hazards Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Fire Hazards Ergonomics and Human Factors Seismic Safety Area Illumination Mechanical Hazards Supplemental Electrical Safety Section PRACTICAL CONTROL MEASURES Web Resources LASER BASICS Introduction What is a Laser? Laser Theory and Operation Components of a Laser Types of Lasers Glossary Index