Cerebrospinal fluid disorders

Section 1: Introduction 1. An Anatomical and Physiological Basis for CSF Pathway Disorders 1 Andrew Brodbelt and Marcus Stoodley Box Embryology of CNS with Emphasis on CSF Circulation 18 Sergio Cavalheiro, Jardel Mendonc¸a Nic´acio, and Igor Vilela Faquini 2. Hydrocephalus: Historical Review of Its Treatment 22 James Tait Goodrich Box Treatment of Hydrocephalus in the Modern Era (1950s–Current Date) 63 Paul May and Spyros Sgouros 3. Imaging (Normal and Abnormal) 66 Charles Raybaud and Gahl Greenberg 4. Invasive Measurements of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure 110 Marek Czosnyka, Zofia Czosnyka, and John D. Pickard Box Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Sensors and Surgical Technique of ICP Bolt Insertion 116 Federico Di Rocco 5. The Neuropsychological Consequences of Hydrocephalus 121 Cathy Grant, Jo Iddon, Emily Talbot, Kristina Vella, and Arleta Starza-Smith 6. Antenatal Screening and Management of Hydrocephalus 131 Wan Tew Seow and George Seow Heong Yeo Section 2: Disease-Specific Discussion 7. Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus 141 Cheryl Muszinski 8. Aqueductal Stenosis 154 Giuseppe Cinalli, Pietro Spennato, Ferdinando Aliberti, and Emilio Cianciulli 9. Postinfectious Hydrocephalus 189 Graham Fieggen and Tony Figaji viii Contents 10. Hydrocephalus in Children with Myelomeningocele 216 Mark S. Dias and Mark R. Iantosca 11. Hydrocephalus in Craniosynostosis 224 Hartmut Collmann, J ¨urgen Krauß, and Niels S¨orensen 12. Uncommon Congenital Malformations and Hydrocephalus 236 Jerard Ross 13. Pericerebral Collections and Subdural Effusions 247 Matthieu Vinchon and Patrick Dhellemmes 14. Shunt-Related Headaches: The Slit Ventricle Syndromes 265 Harold L. Rekate 15. Acquired Hydrocephalus in Adults 273 J¨org Baldauf and Henry W. S. Schroeder 16. Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 284 Rachid Bech-Azeddine and Flemming Gjerris Box NPH and ETV 299 J. Andr´e Grotenhuis 17. Hydrocephalus in ChiariMalformation and Other Craniovertebral Junction Abnormalities 300 Daniel J. Guillaume and Arnold H. Menezes Box Management of Chiari I Malformation Associated with Intracranial Hypertension 312 Caroline Hayhurst and Conor Mallucci Box The Treatment of Hydrocephalus in Children with Achondroplasia 315 Triantafyllos Bouras and Spyros Sgouros 18. Syringomyelia 318 Spyros Sgouros Box Surgery for Chiari I Malformation and Syringomyelia 333 John J. Or´o 19. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 337 Caroline Hayhurst, Alison Rowlands, and Fiona Rowe Box Pseudotumor and Obesity 360 Harold L. Rekate Box Lumboperitoneal Shunts in the Treatment of Benign Intracranial Hypertension 368 Konstantina Karabatsou Contents ix Box Venous Outflow Obstruction and Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 370 Pietro Spennato, Giuseppe Cinalli, Claudio Ruggiero, and Maria Consiglio Buonocore 20. Arachnoid Cysts 380 Concezio Di Rocco, Mateus Dal Fabbro, and Gianpiero Tamburrini 21. Colloid Cysts 400 Philippe Decq and Hieronymus Damianus Boogaarts 22. Tumor-Related Hydrocephalus 414 Paul Chumas, Daniel Crimmins, and Atul Tyagi Box ETV in the Management of Hydrocephalus Secondary to Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors 425 Christian Sainte-Rose 23. Longstanding Overt Ventriculomegaly in Adult (LOVA) 427 Shizuo Oi and Satoshi Takahashi Box The Neuropsychological Aspects of Longstanding Overt Ventriculomegaly in Adults 436 Mohammed Al Jumaily, Conor Mallucci, and Peter Murphy Section 3: Surgical Aspects 24. Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts 438 Spyros Sgouros and Dimitris Kombogiorgas Box Surgical Technique: Shunt Implantation 454 Yusuf Ers¸ahin Box Image-Guided Shunt Placement 457 Conor Mallucci 25. Shunt Complications 460 Patrick W. Hanlo, R. G. J. Bloemen, andW. Peter Vandertop Box The Role of Antibiotic Impregnated Catheters in Preventing Shunt Infection 482 Caroline Hayhurst Box Multiloculated Hydrocephalus 484 Toba Niazi and Marion L. Walker 26. Clinical Trials in Hydrocephalus: What Have We Learned? 488 John Kestle Box The U.K. Shunt Registry 494 Hugh Richards x Contents 27. Endoscopy for Hydrocephalus—General Aspects 496 J. Andr´e Grotenhuis, Sherif Mohammed Al-Sayed Al-Kheshen, and Khaled Elsayed Mohammed Box ETV Techniques and Complications 505 Wolfgang Wagner and Dorothee Koch-Wiewrodt 28. Endoscopic Management of Specific Disease Entities 508 Daniel J. Guillaume and Charles Teo Box ETV in Shunt Malfunction 519 Jothy Kandaswamy and Conor Mallucci Box Repeat Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy 522 Vit Siomin and Shlomi Constantini Box ETV in Children Younger Than Two Years 524 Abhaya V. Kulkarni Box Predicting Success of ETV in Children with Hydrocephalus 526 Abhaya V. Kulkarni Section 4: Controversial Issues and Social Aspects 29. Hydrocephalus and Epilepsy 528 Argirios Dinopoulos 30. Fetal Surgery for Spina Bifida 532 Carys M. Bannister 31. The Patient’s Perspective—Support and Social Integration 539 Rosemary Batchelor Box Quantification of Outcome in Children with Hydrocephalus 546 Abhaya V. Kulkarni 32. Ethical Considerations in the Treatment of CSF Disorders 549 Anthony D. Hockley 33. Treatment of Hydrocephalus in the DevelopingWorld 555 Benjamin C. Warf Appendix . . . . 567 Index . . . . 569