Metabolic and therapeutic aspects of amino acids in clinical nutrition

Part I: Introduction to amino acid metabolism Chapter 1 Measurement of amino acid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues using ion exchange chromatography ...........................................17 Nathalie Neveux, Patrick David, and Luc Cynober Chapter 2 Measurement of amino acid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues using reversed-phase HPLC-based methods ..............................29 Birgit Alteheld, Peter Stehle, and Peter Fürst Chapter 3 Approaches to studying amino acid metabolism: from quantitative assays to flux assessment using stable isotopes ..............................................45 Dominique Darmaun and Luc Cynober Chapter 4 Cellular uptake of amino acids: systems and regulation...............................63 Vadivel Ganapathy, Katsuhisa Inoue, Puttur D. Prasad, and Malliga E. Ganapathy Part II: Physiology Section A: Metabolism Chapter 5 Amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis.................................................83 Xavier M. Leverve Chapter 6 Contribution of amino acids to ketogenesis.....................................................97 Milan Holecˇek Chapter 7 Ureagenesis and ammoniagenesis: an update ...............................................111 Alfred J. MeijerAnton J.M. Wagenmakers Chapter 9 The glutamate crossway ....................................................................................135 Yasuo Wakabayashi Chapter 10 Arginine metabolism in mammals...................................................................153 Guoyao Wu and Sidney M. Morris, Jr. Chapter 11 Glutamine metabolism .......................................................................................169 Rudolf Oehler and Erich Roth Section B: Control of and by amino acids Chapter 12 Insulin and the regulation of amino acid catabolism and protein turnover ................................................................................................................185 Jean-Pascal De Bandt Chapter 13 Control of amino acid metabolism by counterregulatory hormones.........201 Jan Wernerman Chapter 14 Nitric oxide...........................................................................................................211 Eric J. Mahoney and Jorge E. Albina Chapter 15 Control of amino acid metabolism by lipids, ketone bodies, and glucose substrates .......................................................................................241 Yves Boirie, Stéphane Walrand, and Bernard Beaufrère Chapter 16 Amino acid signaling and the control of protein metabolism ....................253 Alfred J. Meijer and Peter F. Dubbelhuis Chapter 17 The role of amino acids in the control of proteolysis ...................................275 Stephan vom Dahl and Dieter Häussinger Chapter 18 Anabolic effects and signaling pathways triggered by amino acids in the liver ............................................................................................................291 Louis Hue and Luc Bertrand Chapter 19 Amino acids and immune function .................................................................305 Philip C. Calder and Parveen Yaqoob Chapter 20 Amino acid-mediated insulin secretion ..........................................................321 Willy J. MalaisseChapter 31 Quantitative and qualitative amino acid intake by the parenteral route.......................................................................................................................519 Gaetano Iapichino, Danilo Radrizzani, and Luc A. Cynober Chapter 32 Quantitative and qualitative aspects of nitrogen supply in enteral nutrition in relation to free amino acids and peptides.................................529 George K. Grimble Chapter 33 Branched-chain amino and keto acids in renal failure.................................557 Noël Cano Chapter 34 Glutamine-supplemented diets in enteral nutrition .....................................577 Petra G. Boelens and Paul A.M. van Leeuwen Chapter 35 The use of arginine in clinical practice............................................................595 Naji N. Abumrad and Adrian Barbul Chapter 36 Glutamine and glutamine-containing dipeptides..........................................613 Peter Fürst and Peter Stehle Chapter 37 Ornithine a -ketoglutarate ..................................................................................633 Luc A. Cynober Section B: Formulas devoted to specific situations Chapter 38 Amino acid support in patients with catabolic illness .................................649 Nicole M. Daignault, Daniel P. Griffith, Thomas V. Nattakom, and Thomas R. Ziegler Chapter 39 Sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione in diseases ........................667 Christiane Obled, Isabelle Papet, and Denis Breuillé Chapter 40 Amino acid requirement in cancer...................................................................689 Maurizio Muscaritoli, Filippo Rossi Fanelli, Michael M. Meguid, and Antonio C.L. Campos Chapter 41 Amino acid solutions for acute renal failure..................................................705 Charles J. Foulks Chapter 42 Amino acids to support gut function and morphology...............................717 Gordon S. Sacks and Kenneth A. KudskMarika Collin and Heikki Vapaatalo Chapter 44 Taurine homeostasis and its importance for physiological functions........739 Svend Høime Hansen Index ............................................................................................................................................749