Facility manager's guide to security : protecting your assets

Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................ xiii Preface ..................................................................................................xv Acknowledgments........................................................................... xvii Introduction ........................................................................................ xix Chapter 1: THREATS TO FACILITIES ........................................... 1 Security Systems—A breakdown................................................ 1 Facility Functions and Threats .................................................... 4 Chapter 2: RISK ASSESSMENT ..................................................... 15 Begin with an Accurate and Up-to-date Risk Assessment . 15 Understanding the Facility’s Assets......................................... 15 Knowledge of the Assets ........................................................... 15 The Risk Assessment Team ....................................................... 17 Know Your Assets ....................................................................... 18 Labor ........................................................................................... 18 Capital ........................................................................................... 18 Material .......................................................................................... 19 Knowledge .................................................................................... 19 Threats ........................................................................................... 20 Local or Nearby Incidents in the Past .................................... 28 Potential for Future Incidents ................................................... 28 Deterrence ..................................................................................... 28 Risk Rating or Evaluation .......................................................... 29 The Dynamic Nature of Risk .................................................... 29 Resources ....................................................................................... 29 Chapter 3: PHYSICAL SEPARATION: FENCES, BARRIERS, GATES, DISTANCE, LIGHTING......... 31 Physical Separation: The First Line of Defense .................................................... 31 Separation Distances ................................................................... 32 Barriers ........................................................................................... 34 Fence ........................................................................................... 37 Walls ........................................................................................... 43 viii Gates ........................................................................................... 45 Pedestrian Gates .......................................................................... 50 Guardhouses ................................................................................. 52 Conclusion..................................................................................... 54 Resources ....................................................................................... 54 Chapter 4: BUILDING ELEMENTS AND EXPLOSION BEHAVIOR ............................................ 55 Types of Construction ................................................................. 55 Frame ........................................................................................... 56 Cladding ........................................................................................ 58 Roofing .......................................................................................... 61 Location ......................................................................................... 64 Explosions ..................................................................................... 65 Mixed Areas .................................................................................. 65 Conclusion..................................................................................... 69 Resources ....................................................................................... 69 Chapter 5: OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS ...................................... 71 Introduction .................................................................................. 71 Doors ........................................................................................... 72 Other Types of Personal Doors ................................................ 77 Doors Other Than Personal Doors .......................................... 81 Windows........................................................................................ 83 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Openings .......................... 90 Miscellaneous Openings ............................................................. 93 Conclusion..................................................................................... 94 Resources ....................................................................................... 94 Chapter 6: ACCESS HARDWARE; MECHANICAL LOCKS, LATCHES, KEYS .......................................... 95 Locks and Latches ....................................................................... 95 Locks ......................................................................................... 104 Situations for Locking and Unlocking .................................. 106 Types of Door Locksets ............................................................ 106 Keys and Cylinders ................................................................... 110 The Door Closer ........................................................................ 118 Conclusion................................................................................... 119 Resources ..................................................................................... 119 ix Chapter 7: ELECTRONIC ACCESS HARDWARE: LOCKS ... 127 Basic Electrical Principles ......................................................... 127 Electromagnetic Locks .............................................................. 128 Electric Strike .............................................................................. 133 Electrified Builders’ Hardware ............................................... 134 Battery Operated Combination Locks ................................... 135 Conclusion................................................................................... 136 Resources ..................................................................................... 136 Chapter 8: ELECTRONIC LOCK CONTROL: GIVING USERS ACCESS.......................................... 139 General Terminology for Door Access Control ................... 140 Keypad ......................................................................................... 140 Card Readers .............................................................................. 142 Intercom Systems ....................................................................... 146 Biometric Credential Verification ............................................ 148 Highest Level Security Systems ............................................. 151 Metal Detector ............................................................................ 152 Other Devices to Protect from Intruders .............................. 153 Resources ..................................................................................... 154 Chapter 9: COMPUTERIZED ACCESS CONTROL................. 155 Database Options ....................................................................... 155 Computers ................................................................................... 156 Wiring for Door Signaling Systems ....................................... 159 Control Stations ......................................................................... 162 Chapter 10: INTRUSION DETECTION: PREVENTING UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS..................................... 165 Intrusion Detection Systems .................................................... 165 Response Time ........................................................................... 165 Sensors ......................................................................................... 167 Tamper Protection ..................................................................... 173 Duress Alarms ............................................................................ 173 Fence Sensors ............................................................................. 174 Data Transmission ..................................................................... 175 Automatic Communication...................................................... 176 Switching from Access to Secure Mode................................ 180 Conclusion................................................................................... 180 x Resources ..................................................................................... 181 Chapter 11: CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEMS: WHO IS THERE AND WHAT ARE THEY DOING?.................................... 183 Cameras ....................................................................................... 184 Monitors ...................................................................................... 196 Recorders ..................................................................................... 199 Multiplexers/Switchers ............................................................ 203 Internet Protocols ....................................................................... 204 Resources ..................................................................................... 205 Chapter 12: EAVESDROPPING & VOYEURISM AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT ....................................... 207 Summary ..................................................................................... 207 Creating the Eavesdropping Detection Inspection Program .......................................... 208 What is the average cost of an inspection? ......................... 213 Inspection Program ................................................................... 215 Additional Tests ......................................................................... 221 Final Report ................................................................................ 222 Important Extras ........................................................................ 223 Counterespionage is Not a Do-it-yourself Project .............. 224 Chapter 13: POWER SUPPLY FOR SECURITY SYSTEM DEVICES ..................................................... 225 Single Line Diagram ................................................................. 225 Fire Alarm Systems ................................................................... 226 Main Power Supply .................................................................. 227 Emergency Power Supplies ..................................................... 229 Maintenance ................................................................................ 233 Conclusion................................................................................... 233 Resources ..................................................................................... 235 Chapter 14: GUARDS AND GUARD FORCES .......................... 237 Number and Function of Guards .......................................... 237 Uniforms...................................................................................... 239 Firearms ....................................................................................... 241 Vehicles ........................................................................................ 242 xi Guardhouses ............................................................................... 242 Communications ........................................................................ 243 Rounds ......................................................................................... 245 Logbooks ..................................................................................... 245 Pay ......................................................................................... 246 Subcontracting for Private Guards......................................... 246 Resources ..................................................................................... 248 Chapter 15: PEOPLE: PERSONNEL, BADGES, BACKGROUND CHECKS TRAINING, SYSTEM TESTING AND SECURITY PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION ........................................................ 249 Staff Issues .................................................................................. 250 Badging Employees ................................................................... 252 Staff Problems ............................................................................ 258 Background Checks ................................................................... 259 Drug Testings ............................................................................. 262 Lie Detector or Polygraph Testing ......................................... 265 Staff Training .............................................................................. 266 Establishment of a High-level Security Program ................ 268 Security Professionals ............................................................... 270 Certifications ............................................................................... 270 System Testing ............................................................................ 274 Maintenance ................................................................................ 276 Resources ..................................................................................... 277 Chapter 16: EMERGENCY RESPONSE........................................ 279 Emergency Response Plan ....................................................... 279 Emergency Response Team ..................................................... 285 Drills ......................................................................................... 285 Readiness ..................................................................................... 292 Resources ..................................................................................... 292 Chapter 17: SECURITY ASSOCIATIONS: WHO CAN YOU TURN TO? .................................. 295 Bibliography ...................................................................................... 299 Glossary.............................................................................................. 301 Index ................................................................................................... 325