Wastewater Treatment, Plant Dynamics and Management in Constructed and Natural Wetlands

Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v In Memoriam for Olga Urbanc-Berčič . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1 Reed Stand Conditions at Selected Wetlands in Slovenia and Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mária Dinka, Edit Ágoston-Szabó, Olga Urbanc-Berčič, Mateja Germ, Nina Šraj-Kržič, and Alenka Gaberščik 2 Water Quality and Macrophyte Community Changes in the Komarnik Accumulation Lake (Slovenia). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Brigita Horvat, Olga Urbanc Berčič, and Alenka Gaberščik 3 Latitudinal Trends in Organic Carbon Accumulation in Temperate Freshwater Peatlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Christopher Craft, Chad Washburn, and Amanda Parker 4 Buffering Performance in a Papyrus-Dominated Wetland System of the Kenyan Portion of the Lake Victoria Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Herbert John Bavor and Michael Thomas Waters 5 Changes in Concentrations of Dissolved Solids in Precipitation and Discharged Water from Drained Pasture, Natural Wetland and Spruce Forest During 1999–2006 in Šumava Mountains, Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Jan Procházka, Jakub Brom, Libor Pechar, Jana Štíchová, and Jan Pokorný 6 Dynamics of Litterfall and Decomposition in Peatland Forests: Towards Reliable Carbon Balance Estimation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Raija Laiho, Kari Minkkinen, Jani Anttila, Petra Vávřová, and Timo Penttilä xi 7 Near Infrared Refl ectance Spectroscopy for Characterization of Plant Litter Quality: Towards a Simpler Way of Predicting Carbon Turnover in Peatlands? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Petra Vávřová, Bo Stenberg, Marjut Karsisto, Veikko Kitunen, Tarja Tapanila, and Raija Laiho 8 Leachate Treatment in Newly Built Peat Filters: A Pilot-Scale Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Pille Kängsepp, Margit Kõiv, Mait Kriipsalu, and Ülo Mander 9 Monthly Evapotranspiration Coeffi cients of Large Reed Bed Habitats in the United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Katy E. Read, Peter D. Hedges, and Phil M. Fermor 10 The Hydrological Sustainability of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Peter D. Hedges, Phil M. Fermor, and Jiří Dušek 11 Factors Affecting Metal Accumulation, Mobility and Availability in Intertidal Wetlands of the Scheldt Estuary (Belgium) . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Gijs Du Laing, Annelies Van de Moortel, Els Lesage, Filip M.G. Tack, and Marc G. Verloo 12 Reed Bed Sewage Treatment and Community Development/Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Sean O’Hogain 13 The Constructed Wetland Association’s Database of Constructed Wetland Systems in the UK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Paul Cooper 14 Nitrogen Removal by a Combined Subsurface Vertical Down-Flow and Up-Flow Constructed Wetland System . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Suwasa Kantawanichkul, Kiattisak Pingkul, and Hiroyuki Araki 15 Statistical Analysis of Treatment Performance in Aerated and Nonaerated Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Scott Wallace, Jaime Nivala, and Troy Meyers 16 Constructed Wetland Břehov: Three Years of Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Lenka Kröpfelová xii Contents 17 Factors Affecting the Longevity of Subsurface Horizontal fl ow Systems Operating as Tertiary Treatment for Sewage Effl uent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 David Cooper, Paul Griffi n, and Paul Cooper 18 Investigations on Nitrogen Removal in a Two-Stage Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Günter Langergraber, Christoph Prandtstetten, Alexander Pressl, Kirsten Sleytr, Klaus Leroch, Roland Rohrhofer, and Raimund Haberl 19 Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effl uents by the Submerged Aquatic Plant Myriophyllum spicatum L. .. . . . . . . 211 Els Lesage, Charity Mundia, Diederik P.L. Rousseau, Anelies M.K. van de Moortel, Gijs du Laing, Filip M.G. Tack, Niels De Pauw, and Marc G. Verloo 20 Cold Season Nitrogen Removal in a High Loaded Free Water Surface Wetland with Emergent Vegetation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Christer Svedin, Sofi a Kallner Bastviken, and Karin S. Tonderski 21 The Role of Vegetation in Phosphorus Removal by Cold Climate Constructed Wetland: The Effects of Aeration and Growing Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Aleksandra Drizo, Eric Seitz, Eamon Twohig, David Weber, Simon Bird, and Donald Ross 22 Performance of Reed Beds Supplied with Municipal Landfi ll Leachate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Ewa Wojciechowska and Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak 23 Enhanced Denitrifi cation by a Hybrid HF-FWS Constructed Wetland in a Large-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Fabio Masi 24 Growth Dynamics of Pistia stratiotes in Temperate Climate . . . . . . . . 277 Silvana Perdomo, Masanori Fujita, Michihiko Ike, and Masafumi Tateda 25 Fractionation, Biodegradability and Particle-Size Distribution of Organic Matter in Horizontal Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Jaume Puigagut, Aracelly Caselles-Osorio, Nuria Vaello, and Joan García Contents xiii 26 Wastewater-fed Aquaculture, Otelfi ngen, Switzerland: Infl uence of System Design and Operation Parameters on the Effi ciency of Nutrient Incorporation into Plant Biomass. . . . . . . . . . . 299 Andreas Graber and Ranka Junge-Berberovic´ 27 Is Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen a Good Indicator of Processes in Filtration Beds of Horizontal-Flow Constructed Wetlands? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Jan Vymazal and Lenka Kröpfelová 28 Pollutant Transformation Performance and Model Development in African Wetland Systems: Large Catchment Extrapolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Herbert John Bavor and Michael Thomas Waters 29 Sulfur Cycling in Constructed Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Paul J. Sturman, Otto R. Stein, Jan Vymazal, and Lenka Kröpfelová Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345