Safe use of chemicals : a practical guide

Introduction Chemical Substances and Poisoning of Humans General Safety Guidelines References Chemical Substances and Categorization Introduction Chemicals and Categorization Industrial Solvents Metals and Metal Compounds Pesticides Toxic Dust, Fumes, Gases, and Vapors Fumes and Dust of Metals Asphyxiates Corrosive Substances Irritants Eye and Skin Irritants Lung and Respiratory Irritants Neurotoxic Chemicals Oxidizing Agents Carcinogens, Mutagens, and Teratogens Chemicals and Fire Hazards Conclusion References Elements of Toxicology and Chemical Safety Introduction Toxicology Studies History of Toxicology Branches of Toxicology Types of Toxicological Studies Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity Influencing Factors Dose--Time Relationship Routes of Exposure and Toxicity Tests Parameters of Toxicity Parameters and the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals and Drugs Good Laboratory Practice and Regulations Good Laboratory Practice Toxicology Test Report References Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity Industrial Solvents Introduction Solvents Flammable and Combustible Solvents Uses of Solvents Exposure to Solvents Drugs, Pharmaceutical Products, and Residual Solvents Solvents and Precautions Education and Training Toxicity and Health Effects Neurotoxicity Solvent Syndrome and Fetal Defects Workplace Controls and Work Practices Occupational Exposure Limits Solvents and Toxicity Profile Conclusion References Classes of Different Chemical Substances and Solvents Health Hazards of Solvents upon Inhalation Metals and Metal Compounds Introduction Discovery of Metals Different Metals Metals and Alloys Metal Poisoning and Symptoms Conclusions References Metals and Health Disorders in Humans Pesticides Introduction Global Development of Pesticides Classifications of Pesticides Uses of Pesticides Toxicity of Pesticides Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity Pesticide Management Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning Approaches to Reduce Intentional and Suicidal Poisonings The Insecticide Act (1968) Regulations Pesticides and Carcinogenicity Conclusion References Global Development of Pesticides Pesticide Poisoning--Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pesticide Components, Signs of Toxicity, and Parts of the Body Affected Behavioral and Nonbehavioral Changes Caused by Pesticide Exposure Pesticides and Mammalian Toxicity Pesticides and Hormone Disturbances in Mammals Classification of Pesticide Toxicity Organochlorinate Pesticides and Carcinogenicity Classification of Pesticides and Carcinogenicity Pesticides Listed in India as Carcinogens Air Pollutants and Toxic Gases Introduction Sources of Pollutants and Health Effects Air Pollutants References Chemical Substances and Carcinogenicity Introduction Carcinogens and Carcinogenesis Classification of Carcinogens Chemical Substances, Occupations, and Cancer Children and Pesticide-Induced Cancer References Additional Reading Known Human Carcinogens Group B2--Probable Human Carcinogens Group E--Evidence of Noncarcinogenicity for Humans Classification of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Mammals Chemical Substances and Neurotoxicity Introduction Neurotoxicity Industrial Chemicals and Neurotoxicity Monomers Neurotoxicity and Children Symptoms of Neurotoxicity Polyneuropathy Encephalopathy Neurotoxicants and Neonates Conclusion References Chemical Substances and Neurotoxicity Chemical Substances and Nephrotoxicity Introduction Chemical Substances and Renal Injury Symptoms of Nephropathy Metals and Nephrotoxicity References Conclusions Chemical Safety Guidelines Safe-Handling Guidelines Minimize Exposure and Reduce Risks Hygiene and Chemical Safety Glossary Appendices Index