Slip, trip, and fall prevention : a practical handbook

Physical Evaluation; Introduction; Expectation; Distractions; Level Walkway Surfaces; Level Walkway Surfaces and Water; Parking Areas; Changes in Levels; Stairs; Handrails; Guards (or Guardrails); Ramps; Floor Mats/Entrances and Exits; Bathrooms; Elevators; Escalators; Carpet; Accessibility; Signage; Reference Standards; Exhibits; Slip and Fall Self-Assessment Checklist; State Mandated Building Codes; Management Controls; Introduction; Engineering Precept; Integrate Controls; Behavioral Safety and Pedestrian Traffic Flow; Building Inspection and Maintenance Programs; Slip/Fall Hazard Self-Inspection Programs; Spill and Wet Program; Recommended Practices for Snow Removal; Lighting; Contractual Risk Transfer; Construction, Renovation, and Special Event Planning; Loss Analysis; Exhibits; Facility and Parking Lots: Hourly Inspection Log; Sample Snow Removal Report; Slip Resistance Test Results Format; Sample Walkway Surface Design Audit; Sample Walkway Surfaces Inspection; Principles of Slip Resistance; Introduction; Principles of Friction; Slip Resistance Defined; Slip Resistance Factors; The Mechanics of Walking; Causation Between Incident and Injury; Slip Resistance Scale; Surface Roughness; Wet Surfaces; Human Perception of Slipperiness; Classes of Tribometers; Hunter Machine; US Tribometers; Introduction; James Machine; Horizontal Pull Slipmeter (HPS); Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter (C21 Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products); Brungraber Mark I | Articulated Strut Slip Tester (PAST); Brungraber Mark II | Portable Inclinable Articulated Strut Slip Tester (PIAST); English XL | Variable Incidence Tribometer (VIT); Test Pad Material; Uses for Tribometers; Operator Qualifications of Competency; Equipment Calibration and Maintenance; Progress on the ASTM "Gold" Standard; Other Groundbreaking Research; EXHIBITS; Comparison Chart: US Slip Resistance Test Methods; Comparison Chart: Slip Resistance Test Methods Not Recognized in the US; Neolite Patent; US Standards and Guidelines; Introduction; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); Access Board Recommendations; Federal Specifications; US Military Specifications (Navy); ASTM International; NFPA International; American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Underwriters Laboratories; Model Building Codes; Obsolete Standards; US-Based Industry Associations Involved with Slip Resistance; EXHIBITS; OSHA Report on Slip Resistance for Structural Steel; Flooring and Floor Maintenance; Introduction; The Threshold of Safety; Identifying Types of Flooring and Their Properties; Floor Finishes and Their Properties; The Impact of Wear; Floor Cleaning; Carpet Maintenance; Assessment of Floor Treatment/Cleaning Products and Methods; Floor Maintenance Certification; Floor Treatment Study; EXHIBITS; Slip Resistant Floor Treatment Study; Overseas Standards; Introduction; Slip and Fall Statistics Overseas; Overseas Standard Development; Ramp Tests; Pendulum Testers; Digitized Dragsleds; Other Dragsleds; Roller Coaster Tests; Portable Friction Tester; International Standards; Overseas Organizations Involved in Slip Resistance; EXHIBITS; National Standards Bodies; Approaches to Standards Development; Footwear; Introduction; Footwear Design for Slip Resistance; Labeling; Advertising; Other Selection Guidelines; Other Protective Features; Maintenance; Footwear Programs; Federal Specifications -- USPS No. 89C; Consensus Standards; International Footwear Standards for Slip Resistance; German -- DIN 4843-100; Food Service Operations; Introduction; Exposure Overview; Pedestrian Flow and Slips, Trips, and Falls; Floor Surfaces/Housekeeping; Floor Mats; Footwear; Multiple Intervention Study; EXHIBITS; Floor Mat Cleaning Matrix; Kitchen Slip/Fall Hazard Assessment; Healthcare Operations; Introduction; Known Parameters of Patient Falls; Causes of Patient Falls; Calculating Fall Rates; Interventions/Controls; Reducing Employee Falls; EXHIBITS; Psycho-Social Aspects of Falls; Profiles of Other High Risk Industries; Introduction; All Occupancies; Hospitality (Lodging); Mercantile (Retail); Theaters; Trucking; EXHIBITS; Stadium-Style Seating (Theater); Sample Footwear Policy for Trucking Fleets; Theater Inspection Log -- Common Areas; Accident Investigation; Introduction; Pitfalls of Accident Reporting and Investigation; Theories of Liability; Accident Investigation; Incident Reporting; Occurrence Analysis; Claim Mitigation; Fraud Control Indicators; Fraud Control; Admissibility of Expert Testimony; Documentation; Staff Issues; EXHIBITS; Accident Reporting and Investigation Guide; Ramp Fall Accidents; Slippery Surfaces; Stairway Fall Accidents; Sample Accident Investigation - Parking Company