Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds and explosives

Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................1 Jim C. Spain Chapter 2 Strategies for Aerobic Degradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds by Bacteria: Process Discovery to Field Application ...............................................7 Shirley F. Nishino, Jim C. Spain, and Zhongqi He Chapter 3 Molecular Biology of Nitroarene Degradation .......................................................63 Rebecca E. Parales Chapter 4 Perspectives of Bioelimination of Polynitroaromatic Compounds.........................91 Hiltrud Lenke, Christof Achtnich, and Hans-Joachim Knackmuss Chapter 5 Identification of Genes Involved in Picric Acid and 2,4-Dinitrophenol Degradation by mRNA Differential Display ........................................................127 Rainer Russ, Dana M. Walters, Hans-Joachim Knackmuss, and Peter E. Rouvière Chapter 6 Microbial Degradation of Mononitrophenols and Mononitrobenzoates ..............145 Gerben J. Zylstra, Sang-Weon Bang, Lisa M. Newman, and Lynda L. Perry Chapter 7 The Role of Nitrate Ester Reductase Enzymes in the Biodegradation of Explosives..........................................................................................................161 Richard E. Williams and Neil C. Bruce Chapter 8 Anaerobic Transformation of TNT by Clostridium ..............................................185 Farrukh Ahmad and Joseph B. Hughes Chapter 9 Fungal Degradation of Explosives: TNT and Related Nitroaromatic Compounds ....................................................................................213 Wolfgang Fritsche, Katrin Scheibner, Angela Herre, and Martin Hofrichter Chapter 10 Phytoremediation and Plant Metabolism of Explosives and Nitroaromatic Compounds .............................................................................239 Joel G. Burken, Jacqueline V. Shanks, and Phillip L. Thompson Chapter 11 Biodegradation of RDX and HMX: From Basic Research to Field Application ...............................................................................................277 Jalal Hawari Chapter 12 Subsurface Chemistry of Nitroaromatic Compounds ...........................................311 Stefan B. Haderlein, Thomas B. Hofstetter, and René P. Schwarzenbach Chapter 13 Composting (Humification) of Nitroaromatic Compounds ..................................357 Dirk Bruns-Nagel, Klaus Steinbach, Diethard Gemsa, and Eberhard von Löw Chapter 14 Applications and Costs for Biological Treatment of Explosives-Contaminated Soils in the U.S.......................................................395 Douglas E. Jerger and Patrick M. Woodhull Index ......................................................................................................................425