Active packaging for food applications

Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols 1. INTRODUCTION Oxidative Deteriorative Reactions Odor Control Minimally Processed Foods Active Packaging Opportunities Outline Bibliography 2. OXYGEN SCAVENGERS Introduction Definitions Rationale for In-Package Oxygen Scavenging Measures to Exclude Oxygen Oxygen Entry After Closure Historical Background of Oxygen Absorbers and Scavengers Commerical Applications United States Military Applications Japanese Situation Bibliography ©2001 CRC Press LLC 3. OXYGEN SCAVENGER SYSTEMS Antioxidants Sulfites Boron Glycols and Sugar Alcohols Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Hydrocarbons Palladium Catalysts Enzymes Yeast The Package Material as a Reducing Agent Ferrous Iron-Based Scavengers Economics Developmental Bibliography 4. OXYGEN SCAVENGING IN 2000 AND BEYOND Labels Incorporation of Oxygen Scavengers Into Plastic Structures Sandwiching Oxygen Scavengers Resin-Based Systems United States Military Applications Premature Reaction to Oxygen Recent Patents and Patent Applications Additional Activities Conclusion Bibliography 5. MOISTURE CONTROL Relative Humidity Control Within Packages Moisture Removers Conclusion Bibliography 6. GAS-PERMEABILITY CONTROL Avoidance of Anoxic Conditions Temperature-Sensitive Structures Bibliography 7. ETHYLENE CONTROL Potassium Permanganate Reaction Other Ethylene Scavengers ©2001 CRC Press LLC Dunapack Sachet Ethylene Scavengers Activated Carbon Ethylene Removers Activated Earth Ethylene Removers Novel Ethylene-Removing Packaging Conclusion Bibliography 8. ODOR REMOVERS Activated Carbon Odor Adsorbers Absorbent Pad Odor Removers Vitamin E and BHT as Odor Reducers In Plastic Packaging Molecular Sieves as Plastic Odor Reducers Aldehyde Scavengers Amine Odor Removal Conclusion Bibliography 9. AROMA EMISSIONS FROM PLASTICS Polyvel Fragrance Concentrate Suppliers Aroma Concentrates Extrusion Boundaries Other Suppliers/Technologies Bibliography 10. ANTIMICROBIAL PACKAGING Anhydrides as Antimicrobial Agents Bacteriocins Antimicrobial Enzymes Radiation-Emitting Film Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Ions Examples of Zeolite Products Additional Antimicrobials Benomyl Mathematical Modeling of Antimicrobial Food Packaging Conclusions Bibliography ©2001 CRC Press LLC 11. OTHER SYSTEMS Carbon Dioxide Absorbers Carbon Dioxide Emitters/Generators The Future Further Reading Appendix