Flotation technology

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- 1. Principles of Air Flotation Technology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory of Flotation -- 2.1. Gas Solubility -- 2.2. Bubble Size -- 2.3. Rise Rate -- 2.4. Air/Solids Ratio -- 2.5. Laboratory Bench-Scale Testing -- 3. Electroflotation and Electrocoagulation -- 4. Dissolved Air Flotation -- 4.1. Process Description -- 4.2. Pressurization -- 4.3. Controls -- 4.4. Tank Shape -- 4.5. Air Supply -- 4.6. Chemical Usage -- 4.7. Ionic Strength -- 4.8. Design Variables -- 4.9. Retention Time -- 5. Induced Air Flotation -- 5.1. Process Description -- 5.2. Design -- 5.3. Performance Data -- 6. Nozzle Air Flotation -- 6.1. Process Description -- 6.2. Equipment Development -- 6.3. Performance Data -- 6.4. Multicell Units -- 6.5. Theoretical Analysis -- Flotation System Performance -- 8. Costs -- 8.1. Poultry-Process Waste -- 8.2. Tuna-Cannery Waste -- 8.3. Refinery Wastewater -- 8.4. Comparative Costs -- Nomenclature -- References -- 2. Gas Dissolution, Release, and Bubble Formation in Flotation Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bubble Separation Processes -- 3. Gas Bubble Dispersion -- 3.1. Gas Dispersion Tester -- 3.2. Gas Dispersion Principles -- 3.3. Gas Dispersion Tester Operation -- 3.4. Gas Dispersion Example -- 4. Gas Transfer, Dissolution, Release, and Flotation -- 4.1. Gas Transfer Principles -- 4.2. Henry's Law Constants, Partial Pressures, and Solubilities of Various Gases -- 4.3. Gas Dissolution and Release -- 4.4. Gas Bubble Formation and Size Distribution -- 4.5. Bubble Attachment, Rising, and Flotation -- 4.6. Gas Dissolution in Water Containing High Dissolved Solids or High Salinity -- Nomenclature -- References -- 3. Separation of Oil from Wastewater by Air Flotation -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Background -- 1.2. Pretreatment -- 1.3. Equalization -- 2. Alternatives to Flotation -- 2.1. Chemical Treatment -- 2.2. Membrane Processes -- 3. Oil/water Analysis -- 4. Electroflotation And Electrocoagulation -- 5. Dissolved Air Flotation -- 5.1. Process Description -- 5.2. Flow Schemes -- 5.3. Chemical Usage -- 5.4. Ionic Strength -- 5.5. Design Variables -- 5.6. Oil Components Removal -- 6. Induced Air Flotation -- 6.1. Process Description -- 6.2. Performance Data -- 7. Nozzle Air Flotation -- 7.1. Process Description -- 7.2. Equipment Development -- 7.3. Performance Data -- 7.4. Multicell Units -- 8. Flotation System Performance -- 9. Air Pollution Aspects -- 10. Product Recovery From Float -- 11. Costs -- 11.1. Railyard Wastes -- 11.2. Barrel and Drum Wastewater -- 11.3. Refinery Wastewater -- 11.4. Comparative Costs -- Appendix -- References -- 4. Fundamentals of Wastewater Flotation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wastewater Flotation -- 3. Application of Physicochemical Principles -- 3.1. Reaction Steps in Wastewater Flotation -- 3.2. Step 1: Generation of Gas Bubbles -- 3.3. Step 2: AirSolids Aggregation -- 3.4. Step 3: Upward Movement of BubbleSolid Complex -- 4. Wastewater Flotation Design -- 4.1. Typical Large-Scale Flotation Reactors -- 4.2. FlotationFiltration Reactor -- 4.3. Applications of the DAF Process -- 4.4. Applicat.