Novel enzyme technology for food applications

Novel enzyme technology for food applications

  • نوع فایل : کتاب
  • زبان : انگلیسی
  • مؤلف : Robert Rastall; CRC Press LLC.
  • ناشر : Boca Raton : CRC Press ; Cambridge, England : Woodhead Pub.,
  • چاپ و سال / کشور: 2007
  • شابک / ISBN : 9781845691325

Description

Contributor contact details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Part I Principles of industrial enzyme technology 1 Discovering new industrial enzymes for food applications . . . . . . . . . 3 Thomas Schäfer, Novozymes A/S, Denmark 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Where to screen for new enzymes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 How to screen for new enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4 Summary: which option to choose? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 Improving enzyme performance in food applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Ronnie Machielsen, Sjoerd Dijkhuizen and John van der Oost, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Thijs Kaper and Loren Looger, Carnegie Institution of Washington, USA 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2 Laboratory evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3 Examples of improving enzyme stability and functionality by laboratory evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4 Rational and computational protein engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.5 Examples of improving enzyme stability and ability by rational protein engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.6 Examples of combined laboratory evolution and computational design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 vi Contents 2.7 Summary and future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.8 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3 Industrial enzyme production for food applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Carsten Hjort, Novozymes A/S, Denmark 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2 Traditional sources and processes for industrial enzyme production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3 Design of expression systems for industrial enzyme production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.4 Development of an enzyme production process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.5 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.6 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4 Immobilized enzyme technology for food applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Marie K. Walsh, Utah State University, USA 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2 Immobilized enzyme technology for modification of acylglycerols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.3 Immobilized enzyme technology for modification of carbohydrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.4 Immobilized enzyme technology protein modification . . . . . . . . 73 4.5 Immobilized enzyme technology for production of flavor compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.6 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5 Consumer attitudes towards novel enzyme technologies in food processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Helle Søndergaard, Klaus G. Grunert and Joachim Scholderer, MAPP, University of Aarhus, Denmark 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.2 Theoretical approaches to how consumers form attitudes to new food production technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 5.3 Studies of consumer attitudes to enzyme technologies . . . . . . . . . 88 5.4 Implications of consumer attitudes to enzyme technologies . . . . . 94 5.5 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.6 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.7 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Contents vii Part II Novel enzyme technology for food applications 6 Using crosslinking enzymes to improve textural and other properties of food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Johanna Buchert, Emilia Selinheimo, Kristiina Kruus, Maija-Liisa Mattinen, Raija Lantto and Karin Autio, VTT, Finland 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6.2 Types of crosslinking enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6.3 Application of crosslinking enzymes in baking and pasta manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 6.4 Application of crosslinking enzymes in meat and fish processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.5 Application of crosslinking enzymes in dairy applications . . . . 118 6.6 Other applications of crosslinking enzymes in food manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 6.7 Analysing the chemistry of crosslinks formed by enzymes . . . . 122 6.8 Effect of biopolymer crosslinking on nutritional properties of food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 6.9 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 7 Enzymatically modified whey protein and other protein-based fat replacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Jacek Leman, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 7.2 Enhancing the fat mimicking properties of proteins . . . . . . . . . . 142 7.3 Applications in low-fat foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 7.4 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 8 Enzymatic production of bioactive peptides from milk and whey proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Paola A. Ortiz-Chao and Paula Jauregi, University of Reading, UK 8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 8.2 Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides . . . . . . . . 161 8.3 Other bioactive peptides and their health benefits . . . . . . . . . . . 165 8.4 Production of bioactive peptides from milk and whey proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 8.5 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 8.6 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 8.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 viii Contents 9 Production of flavours, flavour enhancers and other protein-based speciality products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Stuart West, Biocatalysts Ltd, UK 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 9.2 Production and usage of monosodium glutamate (MSG) . . . . . . 186 9.3 Chondroitin sulphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 9.4 Production of aspartame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 9.5 Enzymes for vanilla extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 9.6 Enzyme modified cheese as a flavour ingredient . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 9.7 Enzymes used in savoury flavouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 9.8 Enzymes used in yeast extract manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 9.9 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 9.10 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 9.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 10 Applications of cold-adapted proteases in the food industry . . . . . . 205 A. Guðmundsdóttir and J. Bjarnason, University of Iceland, Iceland 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 10.2 Use of proteolytic enzymes in food processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 10.3 Application of cold-adapted serine proteases in food processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 10.4 Modifying marine proteases for industrial use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 10.5 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 10.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 11 Health-functional carbohydrates: properties and enzymatic manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Simon Hughes and Robert A. Rastall, University of Reading, UK 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 11.2 Dietary fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 11.3 Prebiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 11.4 Inulin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 11.5 Transgalacto-oligosaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 11.6 Gluco-oligosaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 11.7 Alternansucrase–maltose acceptor oligosaccharides . . . . . . . . . 224 11.8 Resistant starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 11.9 Arabinoxylan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 11.10 Oligosaccharides from non-starch polysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . 230 11.11 Pectins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 11.12 Oligodextran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 11.13 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 11.14 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Contents ix 12 Flavorings and other value-added products from sucrose . . . . . . . . 243 Gregory L. Côté, United States Department of Agriculture, USA 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 12.2 Di- and oligosaccharides from sucrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 12.3 Polysaccharides from sucrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 12.4 Other products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 12.5 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 12.6 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 12.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 13 Production of structured lipids with functional health benefits . . . . 270 Xuebing Xu, Janni B. Kristensen and Hong Zhang, BioCentrum- DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 13.2 Production of diglyceride oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 13.3 Production of healthy oils containing medium chain fatty acids 278 13.4 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 13.5 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 13.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 14 Lipase-catalyzed harvesting and/or enrichment of industrially and nutritionally important fatty acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 George J. Piazza and Thomas A. Foglia, US Department of Agriculture, USA; and Xuebing Xu, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 14.2 Lipase selectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 14.3 Fatty acid harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 14.4 Structured triacylglycerols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 14.5 Single reaction step process for the production of STAG . . . . . 301 14.6 Multiple reaction step processes for the production of STAG . . 307 14.7 Nutritional and other uses of structured lipids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 14.8 Summary and future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 14.9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part one of Novel enzyme technology for food applications covers the principles of industrial enzyme technology, including methods to develop and tailor enzymes for food bioprocessing. Part two introduces the reader to novel applications of enzymes for the production of improved ingredients and food products.
اگر شما نسبت به این اثر یا عنوان محق هستید، لطفا از طریق "بخش تماس با ما" با ما تماس بگیرید و برای اطلاعات بیشتر، صفحه قوانین و مقررات را مطالعه نمایید.

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