Emergency echocardiography

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi About the Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Symbols and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 1 Getting Ready for the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Emergency Echocardiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Echocardiography in the Hypotensive Patient . . . . . . . . . 55 4 Echocardiography in the Hypoxemic Patient . . . . . . . . . 75 5 Echocardiography in Valvular Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . 77 6 Echocardiography in Acute Chest Pain and Coronary Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 7 Echocardiography in Acute Aortic Syndromes . . . . . . . . 101 8 Echocardiography in Acute Pulmonary Embolism . . . . . 109 9 Echocardiography in Stroke and Systemic Embolism . . 113 10 Echocardiography in the Septic Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 11 Echocardiography During and After Resuscitation . . . . . 117 12 Echocardiography in Special Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 13 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Appendix A Basic General Formulas in Echocardiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Appendix B Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 xv Appendix C Echocardiographic Assessment and Reporting of Left Ventricular Diastolic function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Appendix D Valvular Regurgitation Quantification Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Appendix E Valvular Stenosis Quantification Principles . . . 165 Appendix F Normal Ranges for Usual Echocardiographic Measurements in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Appendix G Echocardiographic Assessment of Prosthetic Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Appendix H General References and Recommended Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175