Climate change reconsidered : 2009 report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC)
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Craig D Idso; S Fred Singer; Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change.; Heartland Institute (Chicago, Ill.);
- ناشر : [Chicago, Ill.] : Published for the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change [by] the H
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2009
- شابک / ISBN : 9781934791288
Description
reface ........................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary........................................................................................................................ 1 1. Global Climate Models and Their Limitations ......................................................................... 9 1.1. Models and Forecasts ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Radiation ................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3. Clouds ..................................................................................................................................... 16 1.4. Precipitation ............................................................................................................................. 22 2. Feedback Factors and Radiative Forcing .............................................................................. 27 2.1. Clouds ..................................................................................................................................... 27 2.2. Carbonyl Sulfide ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.3. Diffuse Light ............................................................................................................................. 30 2.4. Iodocompounds ....................................................................................................................... 34 2.5. Nitrous Oxide ........................................................................................................................... 35 2.6. Methane .................................................................................................................................. 37 2.7. Dimethyl Sulfide ....................................................................................................................... 45 2.8. Aerosols .................................................................................................................................. 48 3. Observations: Temperature Records ..................................................................................... 63 3.1. Paleoclimate Data ................................................................................................................... 63 3.2. Past 1,000 Years ..................................................................................................................... 66 3.3. Urban Heat Islands .................................................................................................................. 95 3.4. Fingerprints ............................................................................................................................ 106 3.5. Satellite Data ......................................................................................................................... 109 3.6. Arctic ..................................................................................................................................... 114 3.7. Antarctic ................................................................................................................................ 131 4. Observations: Glaciers, Sea Ice, Precipitation, and Sea Level ......................................... 135 4.1. Glaciers ................................................................................................................................ 135 4.2. Sea Ice .................................................................................................................................. 152 4.3. Precipitation Trends .............................................................................................................. 162 4.4. Streamflow ............................................................................................................................ 175 4.5. Sea-level Rise ........................................................................................................................ 184 5. Solar Variability and Climate Cycles .................................................................................... 207 5.1. Cosmic Rays .......................................................................................................................... 208 5.2. Irradiance ............................................................................................................................... 220 5.3. Temperature .......................................................................................................................... 233 5.4. Precipitation ........................................................................................................................... 258 5.5. Droughts ............................................................................................................................... 268 5.6. Floods ................................................................................................................................... 273 5.7. Monsoons .............................................................................................................................. 274 5.8. Streamflow ............................................................................................................................. 278 Climate Change Reconsidered x 6. Observations: Extreme Weather ........................................................................................... 281 6.1. Droughts ............................................................................................................................... 281 6.2. Floods ................................................................................................................................... 302 6.3. Tropical Cyclones ................................................................................................................. 309 6.4. ENSO .................................................................................................................................... 330 6.5. Precipitation Variability ......................................................................................................... 336 6.6. Storms .................................................................................................................................. 341 6.7. Snow ..................................................................................................................................... 347 6.8. Storm Surges ........................................................................................................................ 351 6.9. Temperature Variability ........................................................................................................ 352 6.10. Wildfires ............................................................................................................................... 355 7. Biological Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment .............................................................. 361 7.1. Plant Productivity Responses ............................................................................................... 362 7.2. Water Use Efficiency ............................................................................................................ 409 7.3. Amelioration of Environmental Stresses .............................................................................. 414 7.4. Acclimation ........................................................................................................................... 480 7.5. Competition ........................................................................................................................... 487 7.6. Respiration ............................................................................................................................ 491 7.7. Carbon Sequestration............................................................................................................ 497 7.8. Other Benefits ....................................................................................................................... 517 7.9. Greening of the Earth ........................................................................................................... 551 8. Species Extinction .................................................................................................................. 579 8.1. Explaining Extinction ............................................................................................................. 579 8.2. Terrestrial Plants.................................................................................................................... 590 8.3. Coral Reefs ............................................................................................................................ 596 8.4. Polar Bears ............................................................................................................................ 639 9. Human Health Effects ............................................................................................................ 663 9.1. Diseases ............................................................................................................................... 664 9.2. Nutrition ................................................................................................................................ 676 9.3. Human Longevity ................................................................................................................... 691 9.4. Food vs. Nature ..................................................................................................................... 695 9.5. Biofuels ................................................................................................................................. 701 APPENDIX 1: Acronyms ............................................................................................................ 709 APPENDIX 2: Plant Dry Weight Responses to Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment ........................... 713 APPENDIX 3: Plant Photosynthesis Responses to Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment .................... 727 APPENDIX 4: The Petition Project .............................................................................................. 739
Climate Change Reconsidered: The 2009 Report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) is the most comprehensive objective compilation of science on climate change ever published. It offers a "second opinion" to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2007. Unlike that report, Climate Change Reconsidered finds global warming is not a crisis, and never was. Principal findings of the book include the following: Climate models suffer from numerous deficiencies and shortcomings that could alter even the very sign (plus or minus, warming or cooling) of earth's projected temperature response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations; the model-derived temperature sensitivity of the earth--especially for a doubling of the preindustrial CO2 level--is much too large, and feedbacks in the climate system reduce it to values that are an order of magnitude smaller than what the IPCC employs; real-world observations do not support the IPCC's claim that current trends in climate and weather are "unprecedented" and, therefore, the result of anthropogenic greenhouse gases; the IPCC overlooks or downplays the many benefits to agriculture and forestry that will be accrued from the ongoing rise in the air's CO2 content; there is no evidence that CO2-induced increases in air temperature will cause unprecedented plant and animal extinctions, either on land or in the world's oceans; there is no evidence that CO2-induced global warming is or will be responsible for increases in the incidence of human diseases or the number of lives lost to extreme thermal conditions.--Publisher description.
