Spine

Achondroplasia, 2–3 Aging lumbosacral spine, 4–5 Allen Ferguson scale, 72 Aneurysmal bone cysts, 6–7 Angiography, 83 Ankylosing spondylitis, 8–9 Anterior cord syndrome, 10–11 Anterior spinal artery syndrome; see anterior cord syndrome Arachnoiditis, 12–13 Arteriovenous malformation, 14–15 Atlantoaxial instability (AAI), 16–17 Atlantoaxial subluxation, 74 Atlantodens interval (ADI), 16 Atlanto-occipital dislocations, 74 Atlas fractures, 74, 75 Aviation-associated back and neck pain, 18–19 Baastrup’s disease, 20–21 Back pain associated with dance, 22–23 associated with golf, 24–25 associated with heavy loads, 26–27 associated with occupation, 28–29 associated with pregnancy, 30–31 associated with sitting, 32–33 associated with soccer, 34–35 associated with tennis, 36–37 aviation associated, 18–19 in mature athletes, 38–39 in older population, 40–41 in young athletes, 42–43 Bamboo spine, 9 Borrelia burgdorferi, 190 Brown-Séquard syndrome, 44–45 Burst fractures, 76, 77 Camptocormia, 198 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 180–181 Cauda equina syndrome, 46–47 Central cord syndrome, 48–49 Chondrosarcoma, 50–51 Chordoma, 52–53 Coccydynia, 54–55 Coccygodynia; see coccydynia Complex regional pain syndrome, 182–183 Compression extension injuries, 72 Compression fractures, 77 Compression–flexion injuries, 72 Conversion disorder, 198 Coxsackievirus, 96 Cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), 104 Curettage, 81 Deconditioning, 56–57 Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), 58–59 Disciitis, 60–61 Distraction extension injuries, 72 Distractive flexion injuries, 72 Echovirus, 96 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), 62–63 Embolization, 81 En bloc excision, 81 En bloc spondylectomy, 68 Epidural abscess, 64–65 Epidural lipomatosis, 66–67 Escherichia coli, 96 Ewing’s sarcoma, 68–69 Failed back surgery syndrome, 70–71 Fibromyalgia, 184–185 Flexion distraction injuries, 77 Forrestier’s disease; see diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) Fractures of lower cervical spine, 72–73 of sacrum, 78–79 of thoracolumbar spine, 76–77 of upper cervical spine, 74–75 Giant cell tumor, 80–81 Gluteus minimus bursa, 202 Gravid uterus, 30 Haemophilus influenzae, 96 Hangman’s fracture, 74 Hemangiomas, 82–83 Hemoglobinopathies, 84–85 Herpes zoster, 186–187 Hip–spine syndrome (HSS), 188–189 Hyperparathyroidism, 86–87 Isolated Jefferson fractures, 75 Ixodes species, of tick, 190 Index 205