Nanotechnology for the energy challenge

Introduction. List of Contributors. Part One Sustainable Energy Production. 1 Nanotechnology for Energy Production (Elena Serrano, Kunhao Li, Guillermo Rus, and Javier Garcia-Martinez). 1.1 Energy Challenge in the 21st Century and Nanotechnology. 1.2 Nanotechnology in Energy Production. 1.3 Summary. Acknowledgment. References. 2 Nanotechnology in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Devices (Agustin McEvoy and Michael Gratzel). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Semiconductors and Optical Absorption. 2.3 Dye Molecular Engineering. 2.4 The Stable Self-Assembling Dye Monomolecular Layer. 2.5 The Nanostructured Semiconductor. 2.6 Conclusions. References. 3 Thermal-Electrical Energy Conversion from the Nanotechnology Perspective (Jian He and Terry M. Tritt). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Established Bulk Thermoelectric Materials. 3.3 Selection Criteria for Bulk Thermoelectric Materials. 3.4 Survey of Size Effects. 3.5 Thermoelectric Properties on the Nanoscale: Modeling and Metrology. 3.6 Experimental Results and Discussions. 3.7 Summary and Perspectives. Acknowledgments. References. 4 Nanomaterials for Fuel Cell Technologies (Antonino Salvatore Arico, Vincenzo Baglio, and Vincenzo Antonucci). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Low-Temperature Fuel Cells. 4.3 High-Temperature Fuel Cells. 4.4 Conclusions. References. 5 The Contribution of Nanotechnology to Hydrogen Production (Sambandam Anandan, Jagannathan Madhavan, and Muthupandian Ashokkumar). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Hydrogen Production by Semiconductor Nanomaterials. 5.3 Summary. Acknowledgments. References. Part Two Efficient Energy Storage. 6 Nanostructured Materials for Hydrogen Storage (Saghar Sepehri and Guozhong Cao). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Hydrogen Storage by Physisorption. 6.3 Hydrogen Storage by Chemisorption. 6.4 Summary. References. 7 Electrochemical Energy Storage: the Benefits of Nanomaterials (Patrice Simon and Jean-Marie Tarascon). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Nanomaterials for Energy Storage. 7.3 Nanostructured Electrodes and Interfaces for the Electrochemical Storage of Energy. 7.4 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. 8 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage (Elzbieta Frackowiak and Francois Beguin). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Nanotexture and Surface Functionality of sp2 Carbons. 8.3 Supercapacitors. 8.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries. 8.5 Conclusions. References. 9 Nanomaterials for Superconductors from the Energy Perspective (Claudia Cantoni and Amit Goyal). 9.1 Overcoming Limitations to Superconductors' Performance. 9.2 Flux Pinning by Nanoscale Defects. 9.3 The Grain Boundary Problem. 9.4 Anisotropic Current Properties. 9.5 Enhancing Naturally Occurring Nanoscale Defects. 9.6 Artificial Introduction of Flux Pinning Nanostructures. 9.7 Self-Assembled Nanostructures. 9.8 Control of Epitaxy-Enabling Atomic Sulfur Superstructure. Acknowledgments. References. Part Three Energy Sustainability. 10 Green Nanofabrication: Unconventional Approaches for the Conservative Use of Energy (Darren J. Lipomi, Emily A. Weiss, and George M. Whitesides). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Green Approaches to Nanofabrication. 10.3 Future Directions: Toward "Zero-Cost" Fabrication. 10.4 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 11 Nanocatalysis for Fuel Production (Burtron H. Davis). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Petroleum Refining. 11.3 Naphtha Reforming. 11.4 Hydrotreating. 11.5 Cracking. 11.6 Hydrocracking. 11.7 Conversion of Syngas. 11.8 Water-Gas Shift. 11.9 Methanol Synthesis. 11.10 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS). 11.11 Methanation. 11.12 Nanocatalysis for Bioenergy. 11.13 The Future. References. 12 Surface-Functionalized Nanoporous Catalysts Towards Biofuel Applications (Hung-Ting Chen, Brian G. Trewyn, and Victor S.-Y. Lin). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Immobilization Strategies of Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts. 12.3 Design of more Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts with Enhanced Reactivity and Selectivity. 12.4 Other Heterogeneous Catalyst System on Non-Silica Support. 12.5 Conclusion. References. 13 Nanotechnology for Carbon Dioxide Capture (Richard R. Willis, Annabelle Benin, Randall Q. Snurr, and Ozgur Yazayd n). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 CO2 Capture Processes. 13.3 Nanotechnology for CO2 Capture. 13.4 Porous Coordination Polymers for CO2 Capture. References. 14 Nanostructured Organic Light-Emitting Devices (Juo-Hao Li, Jinsong Huang, and Yang Yang). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Quantum Confinement and Charge Balance for OLEDs and PLEDs. 14.3 Phosphorescent Materials for OLEDs and PLEDs. 14.4 Multi-Photon Emission and Tandem Structure for OLEDs and PLEDs. 14.5 The Enhancement of Light Out-Coupling. 14.6 Outlook for the Future of Nanostructured OLEDs and PLEDs. 14.7 Conclusion. References. 15 Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Energy Efficient Buildings (Claes-Goran Granqvist). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Electrochromic Materials. 15.3 Electrochromic Devices. 15.4 Conclusions and Remarks. References. Index.