Pediatric radiology,3rd ed

Pediatric radiology,3rd ed

  • نوع فایل : کتاب
  • زبان : انگلیسی
  • مؤلف : Jack O Haller; Thomas L Slovis; Aparna Joshi
  • ناشر : Berlin ; New York : Springer
  • چاپ و سال / کشور: 2005
  • شابک / ISBN : 9783540264422

Description

1 Diagnostic Medical Imaging: How,Why, and When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Nature of Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Other Imaging Modalities Without Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Proper Utilization of Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Understanding Radiation and Its Effect on Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Chest Examinations in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Technical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Lung Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Position of the Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 How the Film Was Obtained . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Adequacy of Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Traps: Unique Anatomical Normal Variants and Positions of Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Interpreting the Film: The Radiologist’s Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Bones and Soft Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Chest (Airway,Mediastinum, Diaphragm, Lungs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Common Pathological Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 50 Hyperexpansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lobar Collapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Change in Pulmonary Densities . . . . . . . . . . 54 Masses and Pseudomasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Pleura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4 The Chest in the Neonate and Young Infant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Technical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Interpreting the Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Bones and Soft Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Chest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 An Approach to Common Neonatal Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Diseases with Generalized Increase in Lung Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Diseases with Normal or Decreased Lung Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Diseases with Variable Lung Volume . . . . . 81 Localized Changes in Lung Volume . . . . . . 82 Structural Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5 Abdominal Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Technical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 The Radiologist’s Circle and the ABCS . . . . . 85 Chest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Bones and Soft Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques . . . . . . . 96 Ultrasound of the Abdomen and Pelvis . . 96 CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis . . . . . . . . . . 102 MR Imaging of the Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Imaging Studies for Specific Organs and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Bowel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Upper Gastrointestinal Series . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Small Bowel Follow-Through . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Barium Enema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Liver and Biliary Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 The Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Common Indications for Imaging the Abdomen in Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Common Clinical Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Blunt Abdominal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Constipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Gastrointestinal Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Anal–Rectal Malformations . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Urinary Tract Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Enuresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Abdominal Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Hematuria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Dilated Collecting System Seen on Antenatal Ultrasound Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 6 Abdominal and Pelvic Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Begin the Work-Up with an Abdominal Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Begin with the Least Invasive Study When There is a Questionable Mass . . . . . . . 157 Let the Patient’s Age and Symptoms and the Location of the Mass Direct the Work-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 One Month to 2 Years of Age . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Older than 2 Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Location of the Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Imaging Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Specific Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Wilms Tumor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Neuroblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Hepatic Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Rhabdomyosarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Pregnancy: The Most Common Pelvic Mass in Girls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Risk Factors for Abdominal Masses . . . . . . . . 168 7 Skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Long Bones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Flat Bones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Unique Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Imaging Modalities in Evaluating Musculoskeletal Disease . . . . . . 174 Plain Film Radiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Computed Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Magnetic Resonance Imaging . . . . . . . . . . 176 Nuclear Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 General Approach to the Skeletal Plain Film . 178 Common Pediatric Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Cross-Sectional Imaging of Trauma . . . . . 186 Nonaccidental Injury (Child Abuse, Battered Child) . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip . . . . . 189 Osteomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Bone Infarct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Metabolic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Bone Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Soft Tissue Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Marrow Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Arthritides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Congenital Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 8 Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Skull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Approach to the Plain Skull Film . . . . . . . . . . 211 Soft Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 The Three Bony Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Calvarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Sella Turcica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 The Frontal Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 The Lateral Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Intracranial Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Indications for Imaging Evaluation . . . . . . . . 227 Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Increased Intracranial Pressure or Enlarging Head Circumference . . . . . . . 229 Abnormal Head Shape or Size . . . . . . . . . . 230 Other Indicationsfor Imaging Evaluation of CNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Supplementary Procedures in Evaluating the Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Imaging the Paranasal Sinuses and Neck . . . 236 Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Indications for Imaging Evaluation of the Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 XII Contents 9 Special Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Sedation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Less Invasive Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 More Invasive Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Venous Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Biopsies and Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Angiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Gastrointestinal Interventional Procedures . 255 Urinary System Interventional Procedures . . 255 Airway Interventional Procedures . . . . . . . . . 256 Vascular Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Neurovascular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Renovascular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Gastrointestinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Vascular Embolization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Endovascular Delivery of Therapeutic Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Appendix 1: Rules for Reading Pediatric X-Rays . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Appendix 2: Answers to Questions . . . . . . . . . . 261 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
This basic text introduces the reader to all facets of pediatric imaging from the importance of understanding X-ray exposure to children through the appropriate indications for ordering a particular examination. It covers basic problems in each organ system. There is a quiz after most of the clinical chapters. The text is aimed at the novice, while the pictures of classic important imaging findings are designed to test the mature pediatric caregiver and the radiologist beginning training. The information conveyed in this text is essential for pediatric house staff, entering radiology residents
اگر شما نسبت به این اثر یا عنوان محق هستید، لطفا از طریق "بخش تماس با ما" با ما تماس بگیرید و برای اطلاعات بیشتر، صفحه قوانین و مقررات را مطالعه نمایید.

دیدگاه کاربران


لطفا در این قسمت فقط نظر شخصی در مورد این عنوان را وارد نمایید و در صورتیکه مشکلی با دانلود یا استفاده از این فایل دارید در صفحه کاربری تیکت ثبت کنید.

بارگزاری