Inborn metabolic diseases : diagnosis and treatment ; with ... 63 tables

Inborn metabolic diseases : diagnosis and treatment ; with ... 63 tables

  • نوع فایل : کتاب
  • زبان : انگلیسی
  • مؤلف : John Fernandes
  • ناشر : Heidelberg : Springer
  • چاپ و سال / کشور: 2006
  • شابک / ISBN : 9783540287834

Description

Contents I Diagnosis and Treatment: General Principles 1 A Clinical Approach to Inherited Metabolic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Jean-Marie Saudubray, Isabelle Desguerre, Frédéric Sedel, Christiane Charpentier Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1 Classification of Inborn Errors of Metabolism . . 5 1.1.1 Pathophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.2 Clinical Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2 Acute Symptoms in the Neonatal Period and Early Infancy (<1 Year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2.1 Clinical Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2.2 Metabolic Derangements and Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3 Later Onset Acute and Recurrent Attacks (Late Infancy and Beyond) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.1 Clinical Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.2 Metabolic Derangements and Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.4 Chronic and Progressive General Symptoms/Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.4.1 Gastrointestinal Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.4.2 Muscle Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.4.3 Neurological Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.4.4 Specific Associated Neurological Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 1.5 Specific Organ Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1.5.1 Cardiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1.5.2 Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1.5.3 Dysmorphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1.5.4 Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1.5.5 Gastroenterology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1.5.6 Hematology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1.5.7 Hepatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 1.5.8 Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.5.9 Myology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.5.10 Nephrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.5.11 Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.5.12 Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.5.13 Osteology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.5.14 Pneumology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.5.15 Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1.5.16 Rheumatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1.5.17 Stomatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1.5.18 Vascular Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2 Newborn Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Bridget Wilcken 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.2 General Aspects of Newborn Screening . . . . . . 51 2.2.1 Aims and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.2.2 Sensitivity, Specificity, and Positive Predictive Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.2.3 Technical Aspects of Newborn Screening Tests . . 51 2.2.4 Range of Possibilities from Early Detection . . . . 52 2.2.5 Tandem Mass Spectrometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.3 Screening for Individual Inborn Errors of Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.3.1 Phenylketonuria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.3.2 Galactosaemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2.3.3 Aminoacidopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2.3.4 Organic Acid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.3.5 Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.3.6 Other Neonatal Screening Programmes . . . . . . 57 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3 Diagnostic Procedures: Function Tests and Postmortem Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Guy Touati, Jan Huber, Jean-Marie Saudubray 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.2 Functional Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.2.1 Metabolic Profile over the Course of the Day . . . 61 3.2.2 Fasting Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 3.2.3 Glucose Loading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.2.4 Galactose Loading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.2.5 Fructose Loading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.2.6 Protein and Allopurinol Loading Test . . . . . . . . 66 3.2.7 Fat Loading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.2.8 Tetrahydrobiopterin Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.2.9 Exercise Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.3 Postmortem Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.3.1 Cells and Tissues for Enzyme Assays . . . . . . . . 68 3.3.2 Cells and Tissues for Chromosome and DNA Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.3.3 Skin Fibroblasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.3.4 Body Fluids for Chemical Investigations . . . . . . 68 3.3.5 Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.3.6 Autopsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4 Emergency Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Viola Prietsch, Hélène Ogier de Baulny, Jean-Marie Saudubray 4.1 General Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.1.1 Supportive Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 VIII 4.1.2 Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.1.3 Specific Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.1.4 Extracorporeal Procedures for Toxin Removal . . 73 4.2 Emergency Management of Particular Clinical Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.2.1 Neurological Deterioration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.2.2 Liver Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.2.3 Neonatal Hypoglycemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.2.4 Cardiac Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.2.5 Primary Hyperlactatemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.2.6 Intractable Convulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.3 Final Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5 Treatment: Present Status and New Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 John H. Walter, J. Ed Wraith 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2 Reducing the Load on the Affected Pathway . . . 83 5.2.1 Substrate Reduction by Dietary Restriction . . . . 83 5.2.2 Substrate Reduction by Inhibition of Enzymes Within the Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.3 Correcting Product Deficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.3.1 Replenishing Depleted Products . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.3.2 Increasing Substrate Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.3.3 Providing Alternative Substrates . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.4 Decreasing Metabolite Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.4.1 Removing Toxic Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.4.2 Blocking the Effects of Toxic Metabolites . . . . . 85 5.5 Stimulating Residual Enzyme . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.5.1 Co-Enzyme Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.5.2 Enzyme Enhancement Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . 86 5.6 Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.6.1 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transfer . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.6.2 Other Organ Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.7 Pharmacologic Enzyme Replacement . . . . . . . 88 5.7.1 Gaucher Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.7.2 Fabry Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.7.3 Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.7.4 Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.7.5 Pompe Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.7.6 Other Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.8 Gene Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.8.1 Gene Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.8.2 Pharmacological Gene Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.9 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 II Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism 6 The Glycogen Storage Diseases and Related Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 G. Peter A. Smit, Jan Peter Rake, Hasan O. Akman, Salvatore DiMauro 6.1 The Liver Glycogenoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6.1.1 Glycogen Storage Disease Type I (Glucose-6-Phosphatase or Translocase Deficiency) 103 6.1.2 Glycogen Storage Disease Type III (Debranching Enzyme Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . 108 6.1.3 Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV (Branching Enzyme Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . 109 6.1.4 Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI (Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency) . . . . . . . 111 6.1.5 Glycogen Storage Disease Type IX (Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . 111 6.1.6 Glycogen Storage Disease Type 0 (Glycogen Synthase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . 112 6.2 The Muscle Glycogenoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 6.2.1 Glycogen Storage Disease Type V (Myophosphorylase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.2.2 Glycogen Storage Disease Type VII (Phosphofructokinase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . 113 6.2.3 Phosphoglycerate Kinase Deficiency . . . . . . . . 114 6.2.4 Glycogen Storage Disease Type X (Phosphoglycerate Mutase Deficiency) . . . . . . 114 6.2.5 Glycogen Storage Disease Type XII (Aldolase A Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.2.6 Glycogen Storage Disease Type XIII (..-Enolase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.2.7 Glycogen Storage Disease Type XI (Lactate Dehydrogenase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . 115 6.2.8 Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease Type 0 (Glycogen Synthase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.3 The Generalized Glycogenoses and Related Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.3.1 Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (Acid Maltase Deficiency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.3.2 Danon Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 6.3.3 Lafora Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7 Disorders of Galactose Metabolism . . . . . . . 121 Gerard T. Berry, Stanton Segal, Richard Gitzelmann 7.1 Deficiency of Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7.1.1 Clinical Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7.1.2 Metabolic Derangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7.1.3 Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7.1.4 Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 7.1.5 Treatment and Prognosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Summary:This classical textbook has become indispensable for those in the front line dealing with metabolic disorders. This 4th edition has been thoroughly updated and revised. It now incorporates many new findings, and a new chapter has been added.
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