Emergency Radiology : Imaging and Intervention.

SECTION ONE Emergency Radiology: Role of Imaging 1.1 Role of Imaging in the Management of Trauma Victims P.-A. Poletti, A. Platon, C.D. Becker 1.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Imaging Algorithms for Trauma Patients . . . 3 1.1.3 Sonography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.4. CT Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.1.5 Follow-up Imaging during Conservative Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.2 Role of 3D Imaging in the Emergency Room L.Husmann, S. Leschka, H. Alkadhi, S.Wildermuth 1.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.2.2 Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.2.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 SECTION TWO Traumatic Injuries: Imaging and Intervention 2.1 Hemostatic Arterial Embolization in Trauma Victims at Admission R.F. Dondelinger, G. Trotteur, B. Ghaye 2.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.1.2 Classification of Trauma Patients . . . . . . . 41 2.1.3 Trauma Patient Triage with Computed Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.1.4 Indications of Therapeutic Arteriography . . 47 2.1.5 Arteriographic Demonstration of Posttraumatic Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . 48 2.1.6 Arteriographic Hemostatic Embolization Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.1.7 Organ-Specific Hemostatic Embolization . . 51 2.1.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2.2 Imaging and Intervention in Post-traumatic Complications (Delayed Intervention) P.P.Goffette 2.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.2.2 Liver and Bile Ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 2.2.3 Spleen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 2.2.4 Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 2.2.5 Kidneys,Adrenals,Urinary Bladder . . . . . . 86 2.2.6 Gastrointestinal Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 2.2.7 Vascular Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 2.2.8 Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 2.2.9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 2.3 Imaging of Head Injuries N. Besˇenski 2.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.3.2 Clinical Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.3.3 Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.3.4 Biomechanical Considerations of Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.3.5 Classification of Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . 108 2.3.6 Closed-Head Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 2.3.7 Imaging of Diffuse Axonal Injury (Shearing Injury) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 2.3.8 Early Secondary Lesions in Brain Injury . . . 118 2.3.9 Late Sequelae of Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 2.3.10 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 2.4 Imaging of Facial Injuries U. Salvolini, G. Polonara, S. Salvolini 2.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 2.4.2 Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 2.4.3 Nasal Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 2.4.4 Complex Midfacial Fractures . . . . . . . . . 128 2.4.5 Isolated Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 2.4.6 Foreign Bodies and Penetrating Injuries . . . 133 2.4.7 Complex Facial Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . 133 2.4.8 Mandibular Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 2.4.9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Contents