Whole body ultrasonography in the critically ill

Part I Introductive Chapters 1. Basic Notions of Critical Ultrasound........................................................... 3 Preliminary Note on Knobology..................................................................... 3 Step 1: Learning to Interpret Spatial Dimensions........................................... 3 Step 2: Understanding the Composition of the Image.................................... 6 Step 3: Ultrasound Anatomy – Descriptive Step............................................ 9 Step 4: Interpretation of the Image................................................................. 10 2. The Ultrasound Equipment......................................................................... 11 A Short Version for the Hurried Reader......................................................... 11 A Longer Version: The Seven Requirements We Ask of an Ultrasound Machine Devoted to Critical Use............................................. 12 How to Practically Afford a Machine in One’s ICU....................................... 17 Which Solutions for Teams Already Equipped with Small-Sized Technologies?................................................................. 17 References....................................................................................................... 18 3. Specific Notions of Critical Ultrasound in the Critically Ill...................... 19 Limitations Due to the Patient........................................................................ 19 Limitations Due to Equipment........................................................................ 19 Strength of Ultrasound in the Critically Ill Patient......................................... 19 Driving an Ultrasound Examination............................................................... 21 Disinfection of the Kit.................................................................................... 21 Indications for an Ultrasound Examination.................................................... 23 References....................................................................................................... 24 Part II Organ by Organ Analysis 4. Introduction to Abdominal Ultrasound: Normal Patterns....................... 27 Diaphragm....................................................................................................... 27 Peritoneum...................................................................................................... 27 Lumbar Rachis................................................................................................ 28 Large Vessels.................................................................................................. 28 Liver .............................................................................................................. 29 Gallbladder...................................................................................................... 29 Kidneys........................................................................................................... 30