Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology/ V 181

Aerial transport of pesticides, 1 ff. Environmental lead, Mexico, lack of data, Africa, mercury contamination, 156 38 Agricultural pesticide drift, 1 ff. Environmental lead, Mexico problems, Alaska, gold mining mercury beach sedi- 37 ff. ments, 166 Amalgamation (mercury), ecotoxicologi- Fungicide imports, amounts, Uruguay, cal aspects, 143 118 Amalgamation, gold with mercury, 143 Gasoline, lead use Mexico, 42 Amazon River, mercury contamination, Gold mining, current procedures, 141 143 Gold mining, cyanide leaching process, Arsenic, analytical methods Mexican 142 foods, 75 Gold mining history, mercury role, 140 Atmosopheric pesticide studies, regulatory Gold mining mercury, Alaskan beach sediconsiderations, 24 ments, 166 Atmospheric mercury, 145 Gold mining mercury, human hazard, 139 ff. Blood lead levels, Mexico, 67, 69, 71, 73, Gold mining methods, Brazil, 145 77, 81, 82, 84, 92, 95, 98 Blood pesticide levels, Uruguay, 125, Herbicide imports, amounts, Uruguay, 127, 129, 130 117 Brazil, mercury contamination table, Human fat, pesticide residues, Uruguay, 147 130, 131 Hydroxyl radicals, importance in photooxCadmium, analytical methods Mexican idation, 15 foods, 75 Canada, mercury contamination, 158 Insecticide imports, amounts, Uruguay, Carson River watershed (Nevada), mer- 118 cury contamination, 142, 160 IQ levels, lead-exposed children, Mexico, CAS numbers, pesticides, 28, 134 93 Ceramics, lead content, Mexico, 67 Ceramics, lead oxide glazing, 68 Laboratory equipment, pesticide photolyCeramics, lead-glazed, major health haz- sis, 21 ard, 38 Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada), mercury China, mercury contamination, 156 contamination, 142, 160 Crassostrea corteziensis (oyster), lead lev- Lead aerosols, Mexico City, 44, 45 els, 58 Lead aerosols, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Crassostrea virginica (oyster), lead lev- 46 els, 57 Lead, air contamination Mexico, 43 Cyanide leaching, gold mining, 142 Lead, analytical methods Mexican foods, 75 Dieldrin residues, beef, Uruguay, 120 Lead, aquatic organisms, Mexico, 57 Dieldrin residues, butter, Uruguay, 125 Lead, bivalves coasts of Mexican Pacific, Drift, pesticides atmospheric, 1 ff. 58 199 200 Index Lead, blood levels adults, Mexico, 79 Lead, Mexico pollution by Met Mex Pen˜- Lead, blood levels children, Mexico, 81, oles, 90 84, 92, 93, 95, 98 Lead, migratory birds from Lerma Valley, Lead, blood levels children, Mexico City, Mex., 61 73, 81, 82 Lead, milk, Mexico, 76 Lead, blood levels lead-glazing potters, Lead, moss from trees, Mexico City, 63 69 Lead, mother blood vs umbilical cord, 80 Lead, blood levels, Mexico City, 71 Lead, neurological damage to children, Lead, blood levels, rural Mexican women, Mexico, 91 67 Lead, occupational exposure, Mexico, 68 Lead, ceramics, Mexico, 67 Lead oxide, pottery glazing process, 68 Lead, coastal areas, Gulf of California, 56 Lead, oysters, Gulf of Mexico, 57 Lead, coastal areas Mazatla´n, Sinaloa, Lead, pigeon tissues, Mexico City, 60, 61 Mex., 55 Lead poisoning, children Mexico, 72 Lead, coastal areas Mexican Pacific, 56 Lead production, export/import, Mexico, Lead, coastal lagoons Gulf of Mexico, 55, 41 56 Lead production, Mexico, 39, 40 Lead, Coatzacoalcos River Mexico, 53 Lead, pollution by Met Mex Pen˜oles, Lead, coloring pencil levels, source com- Mexico, 90 parison, 65 Lead, rural exposure, Mexico, 66 Lead, dog tissues, Mexico City, 60 Lead, San Juan River, Mexico, 51, 52 Lead, drinking water, Mexico, 65 Lead smelting, dust contamination, Mex- Lead, dust & soil, Mexico, 46 ico, 48 Lead, dust samples, Ciudad Jua´rez, Mex- Lead, soil irrigated w/ Mexico City waste ico, 47 water, 51 Lead, environmental problems Mexico, Lead, soil of Torreo´n, Coahuila, Mexico, 37 ff. 49 Lead exposure, general population, Mex- Lead, soil playgrounds, Torreo´n, Coahuico, 70 ila, Mex., 49 Lead, fish canned & fresh, Mexico, 76 Lead, street dust, Mexico City, 50 Lead, foods in Mexico, 74 Lead, suspended particles, Torreo´n, CoaLead, general population exposure, Mex- huila, Mex., 46 ico, 70 Lead, tree leaves, Mexico City, 62, 63 Lead, horse tissues, Mexico City, 60 Lead, turtle eggs, Mexico, 62 Lead, house dusts, Mexico City, 64 Lead, umbilical cord blood, Mexico, 80 Lead, human bones, Mexico, 87 Lead, urban exposure Mexico, 63 Lead, human hair, Mexico, 86 Lead uses, Mexico, 41 Lead, human levels, Mexico, 77 Lead, water & sediment levels, Mexico, Lead, human lungs, Mexico, 89 51 Lead, human milk, Mexico, 85, 88 Lead-glazed ceramics, leaching levels, 64 Lead, industrial uses, Mexico, 41 Lead-glazed ceramics, major health hazLead, IQ levels of exposed children, Mex- ard, 38 ico, 93 Lead-producing cities, Mexico, 40 Lead, Lerma River, Mexico, 53 Lead, marine environment, Mexico, 54 Mercury, Amazon River contamination, Lead, marine organisms, Mexican Pacific, Brazil, 143 58, 59 Mercury, aquatic life protection criteria, Lead, Mexican tobacco, 66 179 Index 201 Mercury biomagnification, mammals, 176 Mercury, mutagen, teratogen, carcinogen, Mercury, bird protection criteria, 180 143 Mercury, blood levels, 147 Mercury, no beneficial biological funcMercury, Brazilian river contamination, tion, 139 147 Mercury phytoremediation, floating Mercury concentrations, abiotic & biota plants, 152 materials, 146 Mercury residues, air (U.S.), 163 Mercury contamination, Africa, 156 Mercury residues, birds (U.S.),161 Mercury contamination, Brazil (table), 147 Mercury residues, rivers (U.S.), 161 Mercury contamination, Canada, 158 Mercury residues, wildlife (U.S.), 161 Mercury contamination, China, 156 Mercury, sediments protection criteria, Mercury contamination, floodplain sedi- 179 ments, wildlife hazard, 166 Mercury, sources & release rates, 144 Mercury contamination, mitigation, Bra- Mercury, sublethal effects, 167 zil, 154 Mercury, wildlife & fish cycles, 143 Mercury contamination, near Brazilian Met Mex Pen˜oles, lead pollution, Mexico, gold mines, 147 90 Mercury contamination, near historic gold Methyl isothiocyanate, photolysis pathmining, U.S., 161 way, 14 Mercury contamination, Philippines, 156 Methylmercury effects, fruitfly, 177 Mercury contamination, Siberia, 158 Methylmercury, most toxic form of merMercury contamination, South America, cury, 143 154 Mexico, lead environmental problems, 37 Mercury contamination, U.S., 159, 161 ff. ff. Mercury, criteria to protect selected natu- Mexico, lead production, 39, 40 ral resources, 179 MITC, photolysis pathway, 14 Mercury, crop protection criteria, 179 Mercury effects, aquatic organisms, 168 Occupational exposure, lead, Mexico, 68 Mercury effects, birds, 165, 168, 172 Occupational exposure, pesticides, Uru- Mercury effects, earthworms, 177 guay, 128 Mercury effects, fish, water temperature, Organophosphates, oxon formation, 13 171 Oxon formation, organophosphate photoMercury effects, freshwater fish, 168 oxidation, 13 Mercury effects, mammals, 168, 175 Oysters, lead content, Gulf of Mexico, 57 Mercury effects, proposed safety criteria, 178 Pantanal wetlands, mercury contaminaMercury effects, reproduction aquatics, tion, 152 170 Parathion, photooxidation, 13 Mercury, gold mining history, 140 Pen˜oles (Mex Met), lead pollution, Mex- Mercury, hazards to environment, 139 ff. ico, 90 Mercury, hazards to humans, 139 ff. Pesticide container disposal policy, Uru- Mercury, human health protection criteria, guay, 130 180 Pesticide drift, 1 ff. Mercury, human tissue residues, 147 Pesticide fate, atmospheric, 1 ff. Mercury, lethal effects, 167 Pesticide fate in air, assessment flowchart, Mercury, mammal protection criteria, 180 26 Mercury methylation, in river sediments, Pesticide imports, class distribution, Uru- 145 guay, 117 202 Index Pesticide imports, value, Uruguay, 115 Pesticides manufactured in Uruguay, 115 Pesticide occupational exposure, Uruguay, Pesticides, off-target movement, 1 ff. 128 Pesticides, oxidative rate estimations, 20 Pesticide photolysis, atmospheric, 10 Pesticides, volatilization, 4 Pesticide photolysis, gas-phase sampling, Philippines, mercury contamination, 156 23 Phorate, photooxidation, 13 Pesticide photolysis, gas-phase spectra, 24 Photoionization, atmospheric pesticides, Pesticide photolysis, lab equipment de- 11 signs, 21 Photolysis, pesticides in air experimental, Pesticide photolysis, light sources, 23 12 Pesticide poisonings, clinical cases, Uru- Phytoremediation, mercury & floating guay, 127, 129, 130 plants, 152 Pesticide regulations, Uruguay, 113, 116 Proposed mercury criteria, resource proPesticide residue tolerances, foods, Uru- tection, 178 guay, 119 Pesticide residues, agricultural crops, Uru- Residue tolerances, pesticide foods, Uruguay, 119 guay, 119 Pesticide residues, blood, Uruguay, 125, Rı´o Uruguay, pesticide contamination lev127, 129 els, 126 Pesticide residues, drinking water, Uruguay, 121 Safety criteria, mercury hazard prevenPesticide residues, environmental, Uru- tion, 178 guay, 121, 124 Siberia, mercury contamination, 158 Pesticide residues, foods, Uruguay, 122 South America, mercury contamination, Pesticide residues, human fat, Uruguay, 154 130, 131 Sunlight intensity, pesticide photolysis, 10 Pesticide residues, lemon oils, Uruguay, 125 Tetraethyl lead, gasoline content Mexico, Pesticide residues, sewage effluents, Uru- 42 guay, 122 Trifluralin, photooxidative dealkylation, Pesticide restrictions, Uruguay, 115 14 Pesticide risk, human health, Uruguay, 127 Tropospheric oxidation, kinetics, 17 Pesticide usage, Uruguay, 111 ff. Tropospheric pesticide residues, sources, Pesticide vapor pressure vs water solubil- 4 ity, 9 Tropospheric pesticides, fate processes, 8 Pesticide waste disposal, Uruguay, 122 Tropospheric photooxidation, principles, 15 Pesticides, airborne fate, 1 ff. Tropospheric transport of pesticides, 1 ff. Pesticides, airborne hydroxyl removal, 15 Pesticides, atmospheric removal, 7 United States, mercury contamination, Pesticides, CAS numbers, 28, 134 159 Pesticides, chemical names, 28, 134 Uruguay, map, 112 Pesticides, common names, 28, 134 Uruguay, pesticide regulations, 113 Pesticides, disposal of outdated, Uruguay, Uruguay, pesticide usage, 111 ff. 130 Pesticides, experimental photolysis in air, Vapor pressure vs water solubility, pesti12 cides, 9 Pesticides, gas-phase oxidative rates, 19 Pesticides, listed as hazardous air pollut- Water temperature, mercury effects, 171 ants, 27 WHO pesticide toxicity categories, 114