Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways., v. 30.

PART I STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE UPPER AIRWAY 1. Comparative Anatomy of Nasal Airways: Relevance to Inhalation Toxicology and Human Health 1 Jack R. Harkema, James G. Wagner, and Stephan A. Carey 2. Functional Anatomy of the Upper Airway in Humans 18 Fuad M. Baroody 3. Functional Neuroanatomy of the Upper Airway in Experimental Animals 45 Paige M. Richards, C. J. Saunders, and Wayne L. Silver 4. Functional Neuroanatomy of the Human Upper Airway 65 Murugan Ravindran, Samantha Jean Merck, and James N. Baraniuk 5. Nasal Enzymology and Its Relevance to Nasal Toxicity and Disease Pathogenesis 82 John B. Morris and Dennis J. Shusterman PART II DOSIMETRY AND TOXICOKINETICS OF NASAL EXPOSURE 6. Upper Airway Dosimetry of Gases, Vapors, and Particulate Matter in Rodents 99 John B. Morris, Bahman Asgharian, and Julia S. Kimbell 7. Vapor Dosimetry in the Nose and Upper Airways of Humans 116 Karla D. Thrall 8. Particle Dosimetry in the Nose and Upper Airways of Humans 122 Owen R. Moss vii viii Contents PART III FUNCTIONAL AND PATHOLOGIC RESPONSES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT 9. Exposure and Recording Systems in Human Studies 129 Thomas Hummel and Dennis J. Shusterman 10. Biomarkers of Nasal Toxicity in Experimental Animals 151 Mary Beth Genter 11. Biomarkers of Nasal Toxicity in Humans 167 T. I. Fortoul, V. Rodr´‎guez-Lara, N. L´opez-Valdez, C. I. Falc´on-Rodr´‎guez, L. F. Montanک o, and M. C. A´ vila-Casado 12. Nasal Reflexes, Including Alterations in Respiratory Behavior, in Experimental Animals 174 John B. Morris 13. Nasal Chemosensory Irritation in Humans 187 J. Enrique Cometto-Muک niz, William S. Cain, Michael H. Abraham, Ricardo S´anchez-Moreno, and Javier Gil-Lostes 14. Human Nasal Reflexes 203 Kathryn Sowerwine, Samantha Jean Merck, and James N. Baraniuk 15. Olfactory Toxicity in Humans and Experimental Animals 215 Pamela Dalton 16. Inflammatory and Epithelial Responses in the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses of Experimental Animals 242 James G. Wagner and Jack R. Harkema 17. Inflammatory Conditions of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses in Humans 261 Ricardo Tan and Jonathan Corren 18. Chronic Tissue Changes and Carcinogenesis in the Upper Airway 272 Ruud A. Woutersen, C. Frieke Kuper, and Piet J. Slootweg PART IV RESPONSES TO SPECIFIC AGENTS 19. Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Humans 298 Suzaynn Schick and Dennis J. Shusterman 20. Chlorine Exposure in Humans and Experimental Animals 312 Dennis J. Shusterman and John B. Morris 21. Hydrogen Sulfide 321 David C. Dorman and Melanie L. Foster Contents ix 22. Sulfur Dioxide Exposure in Humans 334 Jane Q. Koenig 23. Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans 343 Christoph van Thriel PART V RISK ASSESSMENT AND SPECIAL TOPICS 24. Benchmark Dose and Noncancer Risk Assessment for the Upper Airways 358 Bruce S. Winder, Karen Riveles, and Andrew G. Salmon 25. Physicochemical Modeling of Sensory Irritation in Humans and Experimental Animals 376 Michael H. Abraham, Ricardo S´anchez-Moreno, Javier Gil-Lostes, J. Enrique Cometto-Muک niz, and William S. Cain 26. Effect of Allergic Inflammation on Irritant Responsiveness in the Upper Airways 390 Thomas E. Taylor-Clark and Bradley J. Undem 27. The Effect of Air Pollutants on Allergic Upper Airway Disease 411 Dennis J. Shusterman Index . . . . 425