WHO resource book on mental health, human rights and legislation

Chapter 1. Context of mental health legislation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The interface between mental health law and mental health policy -- 3. Protecting, promoting and improving rights through mental health legislation -- 3.1. Discrimination and mental health -- 3.2. Violations of human rights -- 3.3. Autonomy and liberty -- 3.4. Rights for mentally ill offenders -- 3.5. Promoting access to mental health care and community integration -- 4. Separate versus integrated legislation on mental health -- 5. Regulations, service orders, ministerial decrees -- 6. Key international and regional human rights instruments related to the rights of people with mental disorders -- 6.1. International and regional human rights instruments -- 6.1.1. International Bill of Rights -- 6.1.2. Other international conventions related to mental health -- 7. Major human rights standards applicable to mental health -- 7.1. UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care (MI Principles, 1991) -- 7.2. Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (Standard Rules, 1993) -- 8. Technical standards -- 8.1. Declaration of Caracas (1990) -- 8.2. Declaration of Madrid (1996) -- 8.3. WHO technical standards -- 8.4. The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education (1994) -- 9. Limitation of rights -- Chapter 2. Content of mental health legislation -- 1. Itroduction -- 2. Preamble and objectives -- 3. Definitions -- 3.1. Mental illness and mental disorder -- 3.2. Mental disability -- 3.3. Mental incapacity -- 3.4. Unsoundness of mind -- 3.5. Definitions of other terms -- 4. Access to mental health care -- 4.1. Financial resources for mental health care -- 4.2. Mental health in primary care -- 4.3. Allocating resources for underserved populations -- 4.4. Access to medications and psychosocial interventions -- 4.5. Access to health (and other) insurance -- 4.6. Promoting community care and deinstitutionalization -- 5. Rights of users of mental health services -- 5.1. Confidentiali ty' -- 5.2. Access to inforrmationr -- 5.3.1. Eirnment -- 5.3.2. Privacy -- 5.3.3. Communication -- 5.3.4. Labour -- 5.4. Notice of rights -- 6. Rights of families and carers of persons with mental didsorders -- 7. Competence, capacity and guardianship -- 7.1. Definitions -- 7.2. Assessment of incapacity -- 7.2.1. Capacity to make treatment decision -- 7.2.2. Capacity to select a substitute decision-maker -- 7.2.3. Capacity to make a financial decision -- 7.3. Determining incapacity and incompetence -- 7.4. Guardianship -- 8. Voluntary and involuntary mental health care -- 8.1. Voluntary admission and voluntary treatment -- 8.2. "Non-protestlng patlents -- 8.3. Involuntary admission and involuntary treatment -- 8.3.1. Combined versus a separate approach to involuntary admission and involuntary treatment -- 8.3.2. Criteria for involuntary admission -- 8.3.3. Procedure for involuntary admission -- 8.3.4. Criteria for involuntary treatment (where procedures for admission and treatment are separated) -- 8.3.5. Procedure for involuntray treatment of admitted persons -- 8.3.6. Proxy consent for treatmert -- 8.3.7. Involuntary treatment in community settings -- 8.4. Emergency situations -- 8.4.1. Procedure for involuntary admission and treatment in emergency situations -- 9. Staff rquirements for determining mental disorder -- 9.1. Level of skills -- 9.2. Professional groups -- 10. Special treatments -- 10.1. Major medical and surgical procedures -- 10.2. Psychosurgery and other irreversible teatments -- 10.3. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) -- 11. Seclusion and restraint -- 12. Clinical and experimental research -- 13. Oversight and review mechanisms -- 13.1. Judicial or quasi-judicial oversight of involuntary admission/treatment and other restrictions of rights -- 13.1.1. Composition -- 13.2. Regulation and oversight body -- 13.2.1. Composition -- 13.2.2. Additional powers -- 13.3. Complaints and remedies -- 13.4. Procedural safeguards -- 14. Police responsibilities with respect to persons with mental disorders -- 14.1. Powers of the police -- 14.2. Responding, to calls for assistance -- 14.3. Protections for persons with mental disordars -- 14.3.1. Place of safety -- 14.3.2. Treatmt options -- 14.3.3. Detention period -- 14.3.4. Prompt notification -- 14.3.5. Review of records -- 15. Legislative provision relating to mentally ill offenders -- 15.1. The pre-trial stages in the criminal justice system -- 15.1.1. The decision to prosecute -- 15.2. The trial stage in the criminaI justice system -- 15.2.1. Fitness to stand trial -- 15.2.2. Defence of criminal responsibility (mental disorder at time of offence) -- 15.3. The post-trial (sentencing) stage in the criminal justice system -- 15.3.1. Probation orders and community treatment orders -- 15.3.2. Hospital orders -- 15.4. The post-sentencing (serving sentence in prison) stage -- 15.5. Facilities for mentally ill offenders -- 16. Additional substantive provision affecting mental health -- 16.1. Anti-discrimination legislation -- 16.2. General health care -- 16.3. Housing -- 16.4. Employment -- 16.5. Social security -- 16.6. civil issues -- 17. Protections for vulnerable groups-minors, women, minorities and refugees -- 17.1. Minors -- 17.2. Women -- 17.3. Minorities -- 17.4. Refugees -- 18. Offences and penalties -- Chapter 3. Process: drafting, adopting and implementing mental health legislation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminary activities -- 2.1. Identifying mental disorders and barriers to mental health care -- 2.2. Mapping of mental-health-related legislation -- 2.3. Studying international conventions and standards -- 2.4. Reviewing mental health legislation in other countries -- 2.5. Building a consensus and negotiating for change -- 2.6. Educating the public on issues concerning mentai health and human rights -- 3. Drafting mental health legislation -- 3.1. The drafting process -- 3.2. The need for consultation -- 3.3. Inviting consultation -- 3.4. Process and procedure for consultation -- 3.5. Language legislation -- 4. Adoption of legislation -- 4.1. Legislative process -- 4.1.1. Responsibility for adopting legisaton -- 4.1.2 Debate of draft legislation and its adoption -- 4.1.3. Sanction, promulgation and publication of new legislation -- 4.2. Key actions during adoption of legislation -- 4.2.1. Mobilizing public opinion -- 4.2.2. Lobbying members of the executive branch of government and the legislature -- 5. Implementing mental health legislation -- 5.1. Importance and role of bodies responsible for implementation -- 5.2. Dissemination and training -- 5.2.1. Public education and awareness -- 5.2.2. Users, families and advocacy organizations -- 5.2.3. Mental health, health and other professionals -- 5.2.4. Developing information and guidance materials -- 5.3. Financial and human resources.