Heat waves : risks and responses no. 2.
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Christina Koppe; Sari Kovats; Gerd Jendritzky; Bettina Menne; David J Breuer
- ناشر : Copenhagen : Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2004
- شابک / ISBN : 9789289010948
Description
Contents FOREWORDS 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 1. INTRODUCTION 9 2. CLIMATE CHANGE AND TEMPERATURE EXTREMES 11 2.1. Observed changes in the frequency and intensity of heat-waves 12 2.2. Heat-waves and future climate change 15 3. THE IMPACT OF HEAT ON HUMAN HEALTH 17 3.1. Physiological aspects of temperature regulation 18 3.2. Epidemiological studies of heat 26 4. HEAT HEALTH WARNING SYSTEMS 35 4.1. Methods used by heat health warning systems 36 4.2. Heat stress indicators 37 4.3. Public health responses 40 4.4. Survey of heat health warning systems in Europe 42 4.5. Case studies 46 4.6. Recommendations 58 4.7. Research gaps 61 4.8. Current research into the development of heat health warning systems 62 5. URBAN BIOCLIMATOLOGY 65 5.1. Introduction 66 5.2. Urban climates and urban heat islands 67 5.3. Urban bioclimates 73 5.4. Urban planning, design and architecture 76 5.5. Indoor environment 83 5.6. Potential impact of climate change on urban climate 89 5.7. Discussion and recommendations 92 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 95 6.1. The research community 95 6.2. Public health agencies and meteorological services 96 6.3. Long-term intervention strategies 97 REFERENCES 98 ANNEX 1. Programme of the cCASHh Workshop on Vulnerability to Thermal Stresses, 5–7 May 2003, Freiburg, Germany 112 ANNEX 2. Questionnaire on extreme thermal events and health warning systems 114 ANNEX 3. Current status of heat health warning systems in Europe 116 ANNEX 4. Projection of climate change in European cities 118
