Revisiting Immune Exhaustion During HIV Infection
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Alka Khaitan & Derya Unutmaz
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2010
Description
Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection, yet the underlying triggers of immune activation remain unclear. Persistent antigenic stimulation during HIV infection may also lead to immune exhaustion, a phenomenon in which effector T cells become dysfunctional and lose effector functions and proliferative capacity. Several markers of immune exhaustion, such as PD-1, LAG-3, Tim-3, and CTLA-4, which are also negative regulators of immune activation, are preferentially upregulated on T cells during HIV infection. It is not yet clear whether accumulation of T cells expressing activation inhibitory molecules is a consequence of general immune or chronic HIV-specific immune activation. Importantly, however, in vitro blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 restores HIV-specific T-cell responses, indicating potential for immunotherapies. In this review we discuss the evolution of our understanding of immune exhaustion during HIV infection, highlighting novel markers and potential therapeutic targets.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep (2011) 8:4–11 DOI 10.1007/s11904-010-0066-0 Published online: 29 December 2010
