Growth of M. avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Culture Is Enhanced by Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, and a and b Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Robert J. Greenstein Liya Su Sheldon T. Brown
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2010
Description
Background Without known mechanisms of action, Crohn’s disease is exacerbated, and ulcerative colitis is improved, by the use of tobacco. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) may be zoonotic. We hypothesized that tobacco components might alter the growth kinetics of MAP, explaining these divergent clinical observations. Methods The effect of nicotine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and a and b nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (a and b NAD) were studied on eight strains of three mycobacterial species (MAP, M. avium and M. tb. complex). Data are obtained as ‘‘cumulative growth index,’’ (cGI) and presented as ‘‘percent increase in cumulative GI’’ (% ? DcGI). Results Nicotinic acid enhances the two human MAP isolates (Dominic; 225% ? DcGI and UCF-4; 92% ? DcGI) and M. avium (ATCC 25291; 175% ? DcGI). Nicotinamide (at 6.4 lg/ml) enhances the human MAP isolates (Dominic; 156% ? DcGI and UCF-4; 79% ? DcGI) and M. avium (ATCC 25291; 144% ? DcGI.) Both a and b NAD enhance Dominic; (135 and 150 % ? DcGI) and UCF-4; (81 and 79% ? DcGI). At the doses tested, nicotine has no effect on any strain studied. Conclusions We show enhancement of MAP growth by nicotinic acid, one of C4,000 tobacco-related molecules, its amide, nicotinamide and a and b NAD. Pure nicotine has no enhancing effect at the doses studies.
Dig Dis Sci (2011) 56:368–375 DOI 10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7 Received: 9 February 2010 / Accepted: 3 June 2010 / Published online: 29 June 2010
